Chemistry - Unit 2 - atomic structure & Nuclear Chemistry

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass

mass cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged or transformed into different forms

What is the Law of Definite Proportions

any specific chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same fixed proportion by mass, regardless of its source or how it was prepared

What is the Law of Multiple Proportions?

if two elements can form more than one compound, then the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element will be in a ratio of small whole numbers

Define Atom

Basic building block of matter & the smallest unit of an element that retains the element’s properties.

Define Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

Define Isotopes

different "versions" of the same element

• like different models of the same car

Which Greek philosopher suggested that matter was continuous?

Aristotle

The rays reflected in a cathode tube in early experiments were

deflected away from a negative plane

According to Dalton’s atomic theory, atoms…

of each element are identical in size, mass and other properties

Thomson

Scientist that concluded that all cathode rays are composed of identical negatively charged particles, which were later named electrons

Scientist who used gold foil experiment to study the nature of matter

Rutherford

Scientist who measured the charge of an electron and calculated that it has a mass of about one two-thousandth the mass of a proton (hydrogen atom)

Milikman

In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged ( What theory is this?

Dalton Atomic theory

Who performed the oil drop experiment?

Milikman

What scientist named the process by which materials, such as uranium atoms, emitting rays that darken photographic plates radioactivity?

Marie Curie

What is a radiosotope?

Isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei

Radiation decay is a process…..

Where unstable nuclei release energy by emitting radiation to become more stable,

Refer to the table….:What type of radiation posses the most energy?

Gamma

What is NUCLEAR FISSION

a very heavy nucleus splits into smaller, more stable nuclei of intermediate mas

What is NUCLEAR FUSION ?

light-mass (small) nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus

An atom of bromine has an atomic number of 35 and a mass number of 80. How many protons, neutrons and electrons does this atom have?

35p

35e

45n