US History 137 - Midterm Review

Freedmen's Bureau

helped formerly enslaved people transition to freedom after the Civil War

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

13th amendment

abolish slavery except for punishment for crime

14th amendment

granted citizenship to people born in the US, equal protection

15th amendment

granted African American men the right to vote

ku klux klan

white supremacist hate group to intimidate and violently oppress African Americans

homestead act

gave free land to African Americans for 5 years, encouraged Westward expansion

richard pratt

founded Carlisle School, believed in assimilation of Native children into white culture

dawes allotment act

assimilate Natives by dividing tribal land into plots, led to loss of Native land

wounded knee massacre

mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890

frontier thesis

argued that frontier settlement shaped democracy and fostered American identity

chinese exclusion act

prohibited immigration of Chinese laborers, first discriminatory immigration law

gilded age

period of industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth, also had inequality, corruption and poor working conditions

andrew carneige

founded Carneige Steel Company, funded education, libraries, and research

Social Darwinism

survival of the fittest, discouraged White "help" because it was counterproductive

Jim Crow

racist laws that enforced segragation

Plessy v Ferguson

court case that legalized segregation, provided basis for Jim Crow laws

Haymarket Square

a strike for better pay that turned violent after a bomb was thrown, led to backlash against labor unions

Homestead Strike

striked for better pay and hours, Pinkerton guards hired to control, battle resulted in death on both sides, workers were defeated

Pullman Strike

nationwide railroad strike, troops intervened

Populists

mainly farmers who wanted to challenge big businesses and banks, advocated for government control (populist Movement)

nativism

favoring native born individuals over foreign born, immigration should be restricted

eugenics

studies to improve population by filtering in desirable traits and ridding of undesirable ones

tenements

small apartments for immigrants and poor workers, poor conditions, crammed

Jacob Riis

author of How the Other Side Lives, photographs poor living conditions

triangle fire

fire in shirtwaist factory, killed many workers due to locked exits and unsafe conditions

settlement housing

community housing for poor urban areas that provided education, healthcare, and child care (ex: hull house)

muckrackers

journalists who exposed inequalities, corruption, and poor working conditions

progressivism

reform movement to address issues caused by industrialization

suffragists

activists who advocated for women's rights

womans christian temperance union

Women's organization whose members visited schools to educate children about the evils of alcohol, addressed prisoners, and blanketed men's meetings with literature.

upton sinclair

author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906

margaret sanger

nurse who advocated for women's birth control, opened first birth control clinic and founded Planned Parenthood

booker t washington

believed in equality through gradual progress rather than immediate demand

WEB Dubois

co founded NAACP and opposed segregation, believed in immediate demand for rights and education

Ida B Wells

led national campaign against lynching, exposed racial violence, co founded NAACP

jingoism

extreme patriotism supporting aggressive foreign policy

queen lilli

last monarch of Hawaii, resisted US control but was overthrown, Hawaii became annexed

yellow journalism

extreme unfactual news and headlines to draw in readers

Spanish American War

conflict between Spain and America, US gained territory of Guam, Puerto Rico, and Phillipines

Phillipine American War

conflict between Fillipino soliders and US, guerilla tactics and recssion, Phillipines because a US colony

Emilio Aguinaldo

first president of the Phillipines, led resistance against US rule

white mans burden

belief that white europeans and americans to civilize non western people through imperialism

roosevelt corollary:

US had the right to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability, justified US involvement

sedition act

made it a crime to criticize US military, flag, etc, many were arrested, suppressed anti war sentiments