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Cell Signaling
The process by which cells communicate with each other through the conversion of external signals to responses within the cell.
Receptor Proteins
Proteins on the cell surface that receive signaling molecules and initiate the signaling process.
Signal Transduction
The process of transmitting signals through molecular interactions within the cell.
Cellular Response
The regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities in response to signaling, leading to specific cellular changes.
Evolutionary Relatedness
The similarity of cell-signaling mechanisms across different species, from bacteria to embryonic development to cancer.
Chemical Signals
Various signals, such as chemicals, light, and touch, that can be involved in cell signaling.
Apoptosis
A mechanism of programmed cell death that is considered in the chapter as a response to chemical signals.
Note 
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