AP human all unit review

Flashcards of vocabulary terms from the lecture notes.

Feed Lots

Small spaces to raise many animals to kill and sell.

One Child Policy

Policy in China that only allows one child (ended in 2016).

Spatial Patterns

How/where geographic features occur.

Absolute Distance

Distance measured in kilometers/meters/miles.

Relative Distance

Distance in relation to another place.

Absolute Direction

Cardinal Directions (NESW).

Relative Direction

Describes one location in relation to another.

Census

Gathers location on citizens every 10 years.

Qualitative Data

Opinions, not numbers.

Quantitative Data

Numeral Data.

Distance Decay

More distance, less connection.

Time-Space Compression

Less distance between places because of technology.

Sustainability

Using resources responsibly for future generations.

Environmental Determinism

Nature determines culture.

Possibilism

Humans determine culture.

Scales of Analysis

How much of the world you are studying.

Formal Region

Linked by common cultural traits.

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

Formed by individual perceptions.

Functional/Nodal Region

Linked by shared functions (e.g., pizza deliveries).

Carrying Capacity

Max population an area can support.

Arithmetic Density

Population/land.

Physiological Density

Population/arable land.

Agricultural Density

Farmers/arable land.

Dependent Age Group

People from 0-15 and 65+.

CBR (Crude Birth Rate)

Live births per 1000 people per year.

TFR (Total Fertility Rate)

Average number of children a woman has from 15-49.

Fertility Replacement

of kids to replace parents

CDR (Crude Death Rate)

Deaths per 1000 people per year.

IMR (Infant Mortality Rate)

Children that die before 1st birthday per 1000 people.

Rate of Natural Increase

CBR minus CDR (doesn't count for migration).

Push Factors

Negative reasons to leave a country.

Pull Factors

Positive reasons to migrate to a country.

Anti-Natalist Policies

Policies set to limit the # of children per family

Pro-Natalist Policies

Policies to increase TFR per family.

Step Migration

Moving through small steps.

Chain Migration

Migration because of family/friends.

Doubling Time

Time it takes population to double in size.

Cultural Relativism

Judging culture through culture’s perspective.

Ethnocentrism

Judging a culture by one’s social norms and culture.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that pull people together.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that pull people apart.

Relocation Diffusion

Diffusion from migration out of hearth.

Expansion Diffusion

Diffusion through contact (no migration).

Hierarchical Diffusion

Diffusion from more influential to less.

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

Diffusion from less influential to more.

Contagious Diffusion

Diffusion spreading directly from hearth.

Stimulus Diffusion

Diffusion to other areas as ideas change and adapt to areas.

Imperialism

Forceful power through economic or military control.

Colonialism

Type of imperialism, taking already owned land and claiming it.

Acculturation

Add new traits to a culture.

Assimilation

Lose original traits to become like another culture.

Syncretism

Two cultures make a new culture through contact.

Multiculturalism

Various cultures coexist in a community.

Universalizing Religion

Aims to attract followers from anywhere.

Ethnic Religions

Aim to attract followers from same people group/ethnic group.

Lingua Franca

Common language different cultures use to communicate.

Nation

Group of people that share common language, history, and culture (people group).

State

Unit that has power over physical area which has borders, population, and full sovereignty.

Nation State

State that is mainly a single unified nation

Multinational State

State containing multiple significant ethnicities/cultures within its boundaries.

Nationalism

Sense of community for desire for territory based on shared cultural traits.

Stateless Nation

Group of people of a nation that lack a formal state.

(Semi) Autonomous Region

Region with some sovereignty to operate independently.

Sovereignty

State’s power to determine its own affairs

Self Determination

The right to choose and determine form of government.

Ethnic Cleansing

Forceful removal of ethnic groups from regions.

Berlin Conference

Meeting by many European countries to settle Africa’s affairs.

Devolution

Power transfers from central political power to smaller regional authorities within a state.

Shatter Belts

Places located between larger more powerful states that often fight over control.

Choke Points

Narrow, strategic geographic passage ways to restrict movement from one region to another.

Antecedent Boundary

Boundary established before territory was populated.

Subsequent Boundary

Boundary drawn after a territory is settled in, shows cultural landscape.

Consequent Boundary

Drawn with consideration of different cultural landscapes.

Return Migration

Migrants return to their former homes.

Forced Migration

Migration out because of conflicts like war and natural disasters.

Voluntary Migration

When people willingly choose to migrate.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

Refugees or migrants who moved to another area of the same country.

Refugees

Migrants that cross international borders to escape.

Asylum

Protection granted by a country to immigrants in danger.

Internal Migration

Voluntary migration within a country’s borders.

Transnational Migration

Migration across national borders.

Guest Worker

Migrants who relocated to provide labor that isn’t available locally.

Xenophobia

Strong dislike of people from another country.

Remittances

Money sent to migrant’s family/friends in the country they left.

Brain Drain

When a lot of highly intelligent/skilled people leave.

Globalization

Increased integration of the world economy.

Taboos

Behaviors heavily disliked by a culture.

Theocracies

Governments ruled by religious leaders with religious laws.

Animism

Belief that nonliving objects posses spirits.

Pidgin Language

Informal mixture of 2 languages.

Cultural Divergence

Cultures change over time because of physical division.

Cultural Convergence

Cultures becoming more similar and sharing more traits.

Linguists

People that study languages.

Accents

Different ways words sound when pronounced.

Isogloss

Boundaries between variation in pronunciation.

Dialects

Regional variation of one language.

Toponyms

Place names.

Caste System

System by social/economic class.

Genocide

Mass killing of a group cuz of culture/religion.

Geopolitics

Study of geography on state relations.