nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

how many nares do we have?

four

how many anterior nares are ther?

2 external nares

how many posterior nares do we have?

2 internal nares

how does the nasal cavity open into the nasopharynx?

via the 2 internal nares

what does the nasal cavity communicate with superiorly?

lacrimal sac

what does the nasal cavity communicate with superolaterally?

paranasal sinuses

what does the nasal cavity communicate with posteriorly?

the nasopharynx

where does the olfactory area reside?

the superior 1/3rd of the nasal cavity

where is the respiratory area in the nasal cavity?

inferior 2/3

air passing through the nasal cavity is __________ and _______________ before it passes through the rest of the upper respiratory tract to the lungs

warmed, moistened

functions of the nose

olfaction, respiration, filtration, humidification and eliminations of secretions from the nasal mucosa, paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

roof boundary of nasal cavity?

olfactory area and cribiform plate of ethmoid

floor boundary of nasal cavity?

hard palate

medial wall boundary of nasal cavity?

nasal septum (which has perpendicular plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage, vomer, nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones)

lateral wall boundary of nasal cavity?

nasal concha and their associated meatuses

where are the nasal concha located?

lateral wall

bony shelves that form meatuses above and underneath them

nasal concha

largest nasal concha and forms a separate bone

inferior nasal concha

the middle and superior nasal choncha are apart of the _______________ bone

ethmoid

how many air passages do the concha divide the nasal cavity into?

4

four air passages the nasal cavity divides into

1. sphenothemoidal recess

2. superior meatus

3. middle meatus

4. inferior meatus

what recess is superoposterior to the superior concha?

sphenoethnoidal recess

what air passage is under the superior concha?

superior meatus

what air passage is inferior to the middle concha?

middle meatus

what air passage is inferolateral to the inferior concha?

inferior meatus

opening of the sphenoidal sinus is where?

sphenoethmodial recess

opening of the posterior ethmoidal sinus is where?

superior meatus

semicircular groove in the middle meatus

semilunar hiatus

what does the semilunar hiatus form a curve around?

the ethmoid bulla

where is the semilunar hiatus and ethmoid bulla located?

middle meatus

consitutes the middle ethmoid air cells (sinus)

ethmoid bulla

what openings are within the semilunar hiatus?

opening of the frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinus

what opening is in the inferior meatus?

nasolacrimal duct

what drains into the nasolacrimal duct?

lacrimal sac

the nasal cavity recieves arterial supply from five arties which anastomose at an anterior area in the nasal septum called the ......

kisselbach area (kisselbach plexus)

place of heavy source of bleeding from the nose

kisselbach plexus

epistaxis

nose bleed

nerve that provides sensory supply to the anterosuperior half of the nasal cavity

opthalamic division of trigeminal nerve (CNV 1)

nerve that supplies sensory supply to the inferoposterior half of the nasal cavity

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CNV 2)

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, named according to the bones they are located in

paranasal sinuses

function of paranasal sinuses

lighten the weight of the skull, facilitate voice resonance, passage for warming and moistening air

name the paranasal sinuses

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary sinues

true or false: all paranasal sinuses are paired

true

location of the frontal sinuses

located posterior to the superciliary arches of the forehead

where do the frontal nasal sinuses drain into?

drain via the frontonasal duct into the semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus

interconnected small cavities that are located in the ethmoid bone between the nasal cavity and orbit

ethmoid sinuses

where do posterior ethmoid cells drain into?

superior meatus

where do the anterior and middle ethmoid cells drain into?

the middle meatus

what cells make up the ethmoid bulla

middle ethmoid cells

what cells open into the semilunar hiatus?

anterior ethmoid cells

sinuses that occupy the body of sphenoid bone

sphenoid sinuses

what structures are the sphenoid sinuses related to?

optic nerves

optic chiasm

pituitary gland

cavernous sinus

internal carotid arteries

where do the sphenoid sinsues drain into?

the sphenoethmoidal recess

largest paranasal sinus

maxillary sinus

pyramidally shaped paransal sinuses that occupy the body of the maxilla

maxillary sinuses

base of the maxillary sinus

formed by the inferior part of the lateral nasal wall

apex of the maxillary sinus

extends laterally into the zygomatic bone

roof of the maxillary sinus

formed by the floor of the orbit

floor of the maxillary sinus

formed by the alveolar bone of the maxilla

opening of the maxillary sinus

maxillary ostium

where does the maxillary sinus drain into?

the semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus

location of the maxillary ostium

superior part of the maxillary sinus

why is drainage of the maxillary sinus problematic?

because the ostium is in the superior of part sinus, it has to drain against gravity and makes the maxillary sinus prone to lingering infections

sinuses tend to ______________ with age

pneumatize

sinus increase in size

pneumatization

maxillary antrum

maxillary sinus

sinus that may pneumatize to the extent that the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth would form conical projections into the sinus

maxillary sinus

which maxillary teeth are most effected by maxillary pneumatization?

first and second molars

why do maxillary teeth need special consideration with extraction?

because there is only a thin shell of bone around the maxillary sinus during pnenumatization, which could reamin attached to the root of the tooth and break away when pulling the tooth out.

when is an oro-antral communication made?

when a maxillary molar is pulled out and the bone is still connected, it could expose the maxillary sinus.

how could a root of a tooth be forced into the maxillary sinus?

tooth elevators that are used to luxate teeth are wedged into the pdl space around the roots, but can force the root into the maxillary sinus

true or false: you need surgery to remove a root from the maxillary sinus

true