Unit 3 vocab APHG

Absorbing barriers

Barriers that completely halt diffusion

Accent

A way of pronouncing words

Acculturation

occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially

Assimilation

occurs when in ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many cultural distinctive traits

Built environment

the human-made space in which people live work and engage in leisure activities on a daily basis

Creolization

the linguistic process where languages converge and create new languages and forms of communication

Convergence hypothesis

the idea that cultures are converging or becoming more alike

Cultural landscape

the built forms that cultural groups create in inhabiting Earth- farm fields, cities, houses, and so on- and the meaning, values, representations, and experiences associated with those forms

Cultural relativism

An approach to understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic

Hearth

a center where Innovations or new practices develop and from which the Innovations are new practices spread or diffuse

Culture trait

a single aspect of a given culture or Society

Dialect

a regional variation of a language that is understood by people who speak other variations of that language

Endangered language

a language that is not taught to children by their parents and is not used actively in everyday matters

Ethnic group

of common ancestry and cultural tradition characterized by a strong feeling of group identity

Ethnic religion

a religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts

Ethnocentric approach

An approach to understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer's culture

Extinct language

A language that has only a few elderly speakers still living or no living speakers

Globalization

The process by which businesses and other organizations develop International influence for start operating on an international scale

Glocalization

adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices and preferences

Indigenous culture

a local culture that is no longer the dominant ethnic group within its not a traditional homeland because of migration colonization or political marginalization

Lingua franca

A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area of where it is not a mother tongue

Local culture

rural, ethnically homogeneous culture that is deeply connected to the local land the opposite of a popular culture

Material culture

The physical visible objects made and used by members of a cultural group includes buildings Furniture clothing food or work and musical instruments

Modernist architecture

a functional rational and orderly style for building designs

Monotheistic

relating to the belief of only one God

Multiculturalism

a set of policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in National histories National politics and cultural institutions with the goal of embracing the difference within Society

Non-material culture

intangible elements of culture including a wide range of beliefs values myths and symbolic meanings past from generation to generation within a given Society

Orthodox religion

religion that emphasizes purity of faith and is generally not open to blending with elements of other belief systems

Permeable barriers

barriers that slow diffusion but still allow some partial or weakened diffusion

Pidgin

a trade language characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact

Placelessness

the feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment occurs where local distinctiveness is erased and many places end up with similar cultural landscapes

Placemaking

efforts to use and design public spaces to better serve the needs of residents and to foster a stronger community

Polyglot

a person who is fluent in more than two languages

Polytheistic culture

A belief in many gods

Popular culture

heterogeneous culture that is more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new technologies the opposite of a local culture

Postmodernist architecture

a design style that is reaction against modernist architecture it has a flare of the dramatic creating a spectacle while serving a variety of functions

Race

historically defined by the physical characteristics of a group especially skin color

Religion

a structured set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with the powers of the universe

Sacred spaces

natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and or recognized as worthy of devotion loyalty fear or esteem

Secular

less influenced or controlled by religion

Sequent occupance

refers to the fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time whose groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of those places and left behind layers of meaning

Syncretism

the blending of beliefs ideas practices and traits especially in a religious context

Time-space convergence

the phenomenon whereby the introduction of new Transportation Technologies progressively reduces the time it takes to travel between places

Toponym

the names Given to places

Transculturation

the notion that people adopt elements of other cultures as well as contribute elements of their own culture thereby transforming both cultures

Universalizing religion

a religion that actively seeks new members and believes it's message has Universal importance and application.