CJ 1

felony

Sentence: mostly prison

misdemeanor

sentence: one year or less in prison, mostly fines and supervised probation

offense (infraction)

minor violation of the law, less serious than misdemeanor. ex: jaywalking, spitting on sidewalks, littering, traffic violations, failure to wear seatbelt

treason and espionage are ___

most serious of felonies

treason

a U.S citizens actions to help a foreign government overthrow, make war against, or seriously injure the United States

espionage

can be committed by non-citizens. gathering transmitting, or losing of information related to the national defense in such a manner that the information becomes available to enemies of the United States and may be used to their advantage. Ex: leaking classified information without permission

defense strategy that claims that it was necessary to _____

inflict harm to ensure one’s own safety in the face of near-certain death

amount of force must be ___

proportional to the amount of force or perceived degree of threat

For property, justifiably use ___

non-deadly force

cant shoot ___ but shooting and killing an ___ robber can make claim of self-defense

unarmed trespasser, armed

Retreat rule

a person under attack must retreat when possible before resorting to deadly force

Not necessary to retreat from one’s home ____ even if retreat is possible

in the face of an immediate threat

Stand your ground

a person may use deadly force in self-defense without the duty to retreat when faced with a reasonable perceived threat

Trayvon martin case

feb 2012, george zimmerman shot him, sanford florida, took 44 days to arrest him, acquitted on 2nd degree murder july 13, 2013

Jordan davis case

shot by michael dunn at florida gas station, dunn told people in car to turn down loud music, jury unable to reach unanimous verdict on first degree murder, mistrial declared. three counts of attempted second degree murder, first degree murder; life without parole

ahmaud arbey case

travis and gregory mccmichael, and william roddie bryan killed him. they thought he was a burglar. travis shot him. sentenced to life in prison for 20+ years. additional sentences for hate

evidence-based policing

based on scientific evidence about what works best, uses research to guide practice and evaluate practitioners, basic research on what works best

evidence based policing TODAY

FBI futures working group, campbell crime and justice group, george mason university’s center for evidence-based crime policy

american policing today

organization of america law enforcement has been called the most complex in the world. legislative and judicial jurisdictions: federal, state, local

centralized

combine criminal investigations duties and state highway patrol, assist local departments, operate identification bureaus, maintain a criminal records repository, patrol highways, provide training for local officers

decentralized

separates state highway patrol from other duties, other duties performed by adjunct state-level law enforcement agencies