Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

holds all info to make proteins and genetic information

doesn’t have an OH group on the 2’ carbon

RNA - ribonucleic acid

transcribes DNA to take out of the nucleus to translate (mRNA) to make proteins

Nitrogenous base

attached to 1’ of 5 carbon sugar

5 different types of carbon rings

CTAGU

u in RNA

t in DNA

purine

have 2 carbon rings

Adenine (A)

Guanine (G)

pyrimidine

single carbon ring

Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

Uracil (U)

ribose

5 carbon sugar with an OH group on 2’

deoxyribose

no O on 2’ carbon only 2 H attached to carbon

phosphodiester bond

5’ phosphate of one nucleotide is added to the 3’ OH of another via a dehydration reaction

P is attached to 4 oxygens, one double-bonded on oppostie side one oxygen is (-)

nucleotides are connected by this bond

double helix

2 DNA strands connected via H-bonds from nucleotides form this structure of DNA

antiparallel

one side read from 5’ to 3’ other side read from 3’ to 5’

state the general functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids, including the role and RNA in gene expression

Nucleotides are monomers of DNA and RNA

a type of nucleotide is ATP main energy of the cell

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA

and tRNA brings amino acids to form a protein

Name the three component of nucleotides

nitrogenous base

5-carbon sugar

a phosphate group

explain how to strands of DNA interact to form a DNA helix

two DNA strands are connected via h-bonds between pyrimidines and purines, these are antiparallel