BLI System

BLI

• Consists of blood, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue

• Blood is the transporting fluid of our body

• Lymphatic system: both transport system and “barracks” of our immune system

• Study of blood: Hematology

• Study of Immune System: Immunology

3 functions of blood

• Transportation

• Regulation

• protection

plasma

• The liquid part of blood

• 55% of blood’s volume

• Yellow, straw colored

• 90% water, 10% (nutrients, salt, oxygen, hormones)

• Plasma protein contain:

• Albumin: protein that helps keep correct amount of water in blood

• Fibrinogen: substance needed for blood clotting

Globulins: proteins that form antibodies for protection from infection

red blood cells

• Also called erythrocytes

• Round, doughnut shape, no nucleus (can’t reproduce), created by bone marrow, called hematopoiesis

• Transport O2 and CO2 with an iron-containing red pigment called hemoglobin

• Lack of O2 stimulates production of RBCs

• Hemoglobin-protein

• Surface proteins determine blood type (A, B, AB, O)

• Spleen recycles old RBCs

white blood cells

• Also known as leukocytes

• 13-21 day lifespan, destroyed by lymph system, produced in bone marrow, about 6 billion

• 5 types, 2 classifications

• Able to leave blood vessels

• Pass through capillary walls

• Provide protection against bacteria, viruses, toxins

granulocytes

• contain granules in cytoplasm

• Neutrophils- 50-70%

• Fight off bacteria and infection

• Live 10-12 hours

• Phagocytes

• Eosinophils 1-3%

• Allergic response

• Parasites

• Basophils <1%

• Dissolve clots, allergic response and parasites

agranulocytes

• no granules

• Lymphocytes 20-25%

• T cells and B cells

• Monocytes 4-8%

• Macrophages (can change to dendritic cells in infection and inflammation)

platelets

• Also called thrombocytes

• Smallest of the formed elements in blood

• Colorless

• Lifespan 5-9 days

• Initiate clotting process, prevent blood loss from injured blood vessels, causes damage vessels to contract

• 150,000 - 450,000 in bloodstream

type a

40% of population

type b

11%

type ab

4% universal recipients

type o

45%, (38 O+, 7% O- universal donors)

antigens

foreign substance that enters your body are ON the surface of RBC

antibodies

produced by the immune system to fight off antigens are IN the plasma

group a

A antigens on RBC and B antibodies in plasma

group b

B antigens on RBC and A antibodies in plasma

group ab

Both A and B antigens on RBC, no antibodies at all in plasma

group o

No antigens on RBC, both A and B antibodies in your plasma

Rh factor

• Rh-protein called antigen found on RBCs

• Rh factor inherited

• Presence of the Rh factor= Rh-positive, absence of protein = Rh-negative

• 85% of white Americans, and 95% of African Americans are Rh-positive

immune system

• provides the weapons and the troops to protect body from invasion

• Antibodies

• Antigens

innate immunity

• body’s inborn ability to fight infection

• 1st line of defense, prevents invasion

• Cannot “remember” general mechanisms of defense, sometimes kills healthy tissue with pathogens

adaptive immunity

• target specific invaders

• “Remembers”- improves protective responses by learning and changing

physical barriers

• prevents pathogens from invading

• Skin- surfaces difficult to penetrate (prevent invaders from getting inside the body)

• Mucous membranes- eyes, digestive, respiratory and reproductive system

• WBC’s and lymph capillaries trap invaders, fluids associated (tears, saliva, urine, sweat, oil, mucous)

general immune response

• Inflammation-increased blood flow and immune cells

• complement - marks pathogens for destruction

• Non-specific cellular responses

components of immune system

• Cells- 2nd line of defense against

• WBCs or leukocytes

• Granulocytes

• Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils

• Agranulocytes

• Monocytes

• Macrophages: perform phagocytosis

• Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells

b cells

• humoral immunity

• Move through the bodies humors (blood and lymph)

• Differentiate

• Memory- stronger and faster response next time

• Effectors-fighters; dispatch antibodies

t cells

• cellular immune response

• Helper-activate immune response, call other cells

• Replicate and differentiate

• Memory cells

• Regulatory cells- tell other cells to stand down, control response

• Release cytokines

• Specifically one to activate Cytotoxic T cells