Che 407 - Momentum Transfer_Quiz 3

Pump

An equipment or device that transfers energy to a fluid, increasing its pressure and/or velocity.

kinetic/dynamic pump

Uses the kinetic energy of a rotating impeller to move the fluid

Centrifugal pump

A type of pump that allows energy to be transferred continuously resulting in an increased velocity within the equipment.

Axial flow

A type of flow in which the impeller discharges fluid along its shaft axis.

Radial flow

A type of flow in which the fluid discharges at 90 degrees to the shaft axis.

Mixed flow

A type of flow in which it discharges fluid in a conical direction using a combined axial and radial pumping action.

Peripheral pump

Pumps that use a special impeller design, the flow of the pump circulates the liquid along the periphery of the casing to increase pressure.

Special pump

These are pumps designed for specific or demanding application that standard pumps can’t handle efficiently.

Positive displacement pump

Move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, regardless of the pressure in the system.

Reciprocating pumps

This pump collects a certain amount of fluid in enclosed volume and is discharged using pressure to the required location.

Piston pump

A kind of pump where the high-pressure seal corresponds with the piston.

Diaphragm pump

A pump that utilizes a combination of the full reciprocating characteristics of rubber, thermoplastics, or polytetrafluoroethylene diaphragm and fitting vales on either side.

Rotary pump

A type of positive displacement pump where a fixed amount of fluid is moved in each revolution.

Gear pump

A common displacement pump which uses 2 spur gears.

Lobe pump

A type of rotary displacement pump that functions like a gear pump, but the lobe is designed to almost meet.

Circumferential pump

Similar to a lobe pump, a pair of winged rotors revolve around the circumference of the chambers.

Screw pump

A positive displacement pump that uses 1 to 3 screws with the opposing thread.

Vane pump

A positive displacement pump that has a circular rotor rotating inside a larger circular cavity. The centers of these two circles are offset.

Pipes

Used to transport fluids (liquids and gases) in a system long, hollow tubes that carry water, gas, or other liquids from one place to another.

Metallic pipe

Made from various metals and allows, offering high strength durability and temperature resistance.

Steel pipe

Widely used in industries for transporting liquids and gases such as oil, water, and gas.

Carbon steel pipe

Used for high-pressure systems like water, oil, and gas pipelines. Strong and durable.

Stainless steel pipe

Corrosion resistant pipe and ideal for chemical processing, food, and pharmaceutical industries.

Galvanized iron pipe

These pipes are coated with zinc to prevent rusting, making them suitable for plumbing system.

Cast iron pipe

Incredibly durable and remain in use for parts of water distribution systems today. Usually used for sewer pipes or other drainage purposes.

Aluminum alloy pipe

These pipes are lightweight and resistant to corrosion. They are used in aerospace automotive applications.

Copper pipes

Corrosion resistant and best suited to protect the quality of water. Able to handle high water pressure and is tolerant to temperature.

Cement pipe

A type of pipe made from a mixture of cement, asbestos, and other materials.

Reinforced cement concrete pipe

Made with cement and steel reinforcement, often used for stormwater drainage and has the ability to handle large volumes of water.

Asbestos pipe

Also known as transite pipe, less commonly used today due to health concerns.

Plastic pipe

Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and easy to install, making them a popular choice for residential, commercial, and industrial piping systems.

PVC pipe

They are used for drinking water supply, wastewater systems, electrical conduits, and even medical devices due to their durability and resistance to chemicals.

High density polyethylene pipe

Widely used in various applications due to their durability, resistance to corrosion in chemical and flexibility.

CPVC pipe

Similar to PVC but with added chlorine making it suitable for hot and cold water systems.

PP pipe

This plastic pipe is often used in laboratories, industrial waste lines and food processing.

Fittings

Components used in piping systems to connect, control, or redirect the flow of fluids by joining sections of pipe or tubing together.

Elbow

Type of fitting that changes the direction of flow.

Tees

Fittings that divide or combine flow at at 90 degree branch.

Crosses

Four-way fittings to split or combine flow in multiple directions.

Reducers and expanders

Changes pipe size from large to small or small to large.

Couplings

A component in fittings, it connect two pipes in a straight line.

Union

Similar to couplings but designed for easy disconnection.

Caps

Fittings used to close the end of a pipe

Adapters

Connect pipes of different size and types.

Bushing

A fitting that reduces the size of an opening.

Wyes

A Y-shaped fitting that connects three pipes.

Threaded fittings

Basic type of fitting, they are easily twisted onto the pipe ends and feature screw threads.

Welded fittings

Fittings that are permanently joined using welding.

Flanged fittings

Fittings that are connected by bolts and a gasket.

Compression fittings

Often used in plastic piping, these fittings firmly seal the pipe with a nut and a tiny ring.

Valves

Mechanical devices used to regulate, direct, or control the flow of fluids within a system.

Gate valve

Uses a gate to block flow, ideal for on and off control.

Globe valve

Allows precise flow control, used in throttling applications. It works by halting the flow of a fluid through a pipe.

Ball valve

A type of valve that uses a rotating ball; fast, tight shut-off.

Butterfly valve

Compact and good for large flow system, it features a rotating disk.

Plug valve

Similar to a ball valve but uses a cylindrical or conical plug.

Diaphragm valve

A type of valve that uses a flexible diaphragm, good for corrosive or fluids.

Check valve

A type of valve that prevents backflow with a spring or swing mechanism.

Needle valve

A type of valve with a small port and a threaded, needle-shaped plunger, generally only capable of low flow rates.

Safety valve

A device that releases pressure when it exceeds a certain measured predetermined safe limit. It also acts as a failsafe mechanism.

Fans

Machine or devices that move larger amount of gas with a very low increase in pressure.

Axial fans

A class of fans where the air flows parallel to the axis of the rotation.

Centrifugal fans

A type of fans where it moves air perpendicular to the axis of the rotation.

Mixed fans

A type of fan where the airflow direction is a combination of axial and radial flow.

Blowers

Mechanical devices designed to move air or gases by increasing their pressure and velocity using components such as motors. It s designed to move air at a higher pressure than a fan.

Centrifugal blowers

A type of blower that typically operates at 0.35 to 0.70 kg/cm², one characteristic is that the airflow tends to drop drastically as system pressure increases.

Positive displacement blowers

A type of blower that have rotors, they typically have the pressure of 1.25 kg/cm² to blow clogged materials.

Axial flow blower

The air in this blower moves parallel to the axis, pressurized by impeller blades with moderate pressure rise.

Positive displacement compressor

Machines that are essentially constant-volume machines with variable discharge pressures.

Reciprocating compressors

A type of positive displacement compressor that has a piston having a reciprocating motion within a cylinder.

Rotary compressor

A type of compressor that has a rotating elements whose positive actions results in compression and displacement.

Dynamic compressors

A type of compressor where gas pressure is increased by imparting velocity to gas using high-speed impellers or blades.

Flow meters

A device used to measure the amount of liquid, gas, vapor passing through a pipe or conduit.

Differential pressure flowmeters

Measures the flow of fluids by creating a pressure drop across constrictions.

Bernoulli’s Principle

What principle does differential pressure flowmeters depend on?

Venturi meter

Flow measurement devices that determine flow rate by utilizing a narrowing section of pipe, which causes the fluid velocity to increase and the pressure to decrease.

Orifice plates

A differential pressure flow device widely used to measure the mass flow of clean liquids, gases and steam.

Henri Pitot

The French engineer who invented the Pitot tube.

Open channel flow meters

Used to measure flow in unpressurized, open, systems like rivers, streams, and wastewater treatment facilities.

Weir

A barrier in a channel that forces water to flow over it, allowing the measurement of flow rate.

Variable area flowmeter

Measures the flow rate of a fluid by allowing it to pass through a tapered tube with a floating object inside.

Rotameters

Also known as positive displacement meters, these operate based on the principle of gravity and resistance caused by the flow.

Affinity laws

A set of formulas that describe the relationship between a pump’s operating variable when its speed or impeller diameter is changed.

Cavitation

A potentially damaging phenomenon that occurs when bubbles produce shock waves and damage the impeller.

Performance curve

A graph produced by the pump manufacturer that illustrated the relationship between various operational parameters of a pump.

Isothermal compressor

A theoretical type of gas compressor in which the temperature of the gas remains constant during the entire compression process.

Single stage adiabatic compressor

A gas compressor that compresses gas in one continuous stage without any heat exchange.

Multiple stage adiabatic compressor

Compresses gas through two or more successive compression stages.

Schedule number

Refers to the wall thickness of a pipe.