Solution/Concentration + Acid/Bases

A solution =

solvent + solute

Mass % (m/m)

mass of solute(g)/mass of solution(g) x 100

Volume % (v/v)

volume of solute(ml)/volume of solution(ml) x 100

Mass/Volume % (m/v)

mass of solute(g)/volume of solution(ml) x 100

Molarity(concentration) =

moles(of solute)/liters(of solution)

Dillution =

m1v1 = m2v2

When do you use a dilution equation?

When the concentration is changing

What is titration?

A technique used to find out how much acid or base we have

How can you identify an acid?

An H followed by a nonmetal

Strong acids will ______ ______ in water

completely dissociate

Weak acids will ______ ______ in water

partially dissociate

How can you identify a base?

A metal followed by OH

How can you identify a strong base?

OH is next to 1A or the bottom of 2A (Sr, Ba, Ra)

What makes NAOH a base?

OH

NH3 is a ____ base

weak

H20 is amphoteric, meaning it can...

act as an acid or base depending on the situation

An acid will ______ H+

Donate

A base will ______ H+

Accept

A base can only accept H+ when it has extra....

electrons (lone pairs)

As soon as you have H+, water will grab onto it and form _____.

H3O+ (hydronium)

H3O+ =

H+

An H3O product =

an acid solution

A OH- product =

a basic solution

A weak acid/base will have ________ arrows

equilibrium

What is the equilibrium constant (K)?

K = [products]/[reactants]

What does [ ] represent?

Molarity

What is Kw?

1.0 x 10^-14 = [H30+] [OH-]

When is pH neutral?

7

When is pH acidic?

less than 7

When is pH basic?

greater than 7

If [H3O+] of a solution is = to [OH-], the solution is...

neutral

If [H3O+] of a solution is greater than [OH-], the solution is...

acidic

If [H3O+] of a solution is less than [OH-], the solution is...

basic

pH =

-log[H+] or -log[H3O+]

pOH =

-log[OH-]

pH + pOH =

14

What does a Buffer solution do?

Maintains pH if acid/base is added

What does a solution need to qualify as a buffer?

1. Weak Acid + its conjugate

OR

2. Weak Base + its conjugate

What is a conjugate?

What is left of a weak base/acid when it loses its OH- or H+, but it must be attached to another element to be considered a conjugate