Final Review Most commons & Etc.

Degenerative

-Non-uniform loss of joint space

-Asymmetric

-Osteophytes

-Subchondral sclerosis

-Subchondral cysts

Inflammatory

-Uniform loss of joint space

-Symmetric

-Marginal erosisons

-Bony ankylosis

-Periarticular osteopenia

-Soft tissue swelling

-Periostitis

Metabolic

-Periarticular soft tissue deposits

-Periarticular erosions

-Overlapping inflammatory and/or degenerative findings

What is the most common joint pathology?

-Joint degeneration

Primary Joint degeneration is more common in?

Females

Secondary joint degeneration is more common in?

-Males

Most common locations for Joint degeneration?

-C5 to C7

-L4 to S1

-DIPS

-1st MTP & IP

Bulge =

>25% of disc circumference

Herniation =

<25% of disc circumference

Clinically important type of disc lesion?

-Radial

Most common type of herniations?

-Central or Subarticular

What’s the measurement of the ligamentum flavum associated with stenosis?

>4mm thick

Degeneration in the knee is most common on what aspect?

-Medial

Patellofemoral degeneration is most common on what aspect?

-lateral

Chondromalacia Patella is most common on what side?

-Medial

Gull Wing sign =

-Erosive arthritis

Most common areas for Erosive arthritis

-DIPs & PIPs

DISH =

-Hyperostosis involving 4 continuous segments

People with DISH have high association with?

-Diabetes & Ossification of PLL

Most common location for DISH

-T7 to T11

OPLL most common location?

-C2 to C5

Neuropathic Arthropathy most common cause?

-Diabetes mellitus

Upper Extremity Neuropathic arthropathy most commonly associated with?

-Syringomyelia

Licked Candy Stick & Pseudo-amputation of humerus =

-Atrophic Neuropathic Arthropathy

Most Common location of Synovial Osteochondromatosis

-Knee

Primary SCM =

-Loose bodies are smaller & more uniform

Secondary SCM =

-Irregular size/shape & other joint pathology

Most common age of RA patients?

-Females 20 to 60 years old

Haygarth nodes =

-RA

More Specific test for RA =

-Anti-CCP

More sensitive test for RA =

-RF

RA in SI joint =

-Will be asymmetric

Most common areas for RA in the hand

-2nd & 3rd MCP

-PIP

Most common cause of Protrusio Acetabuli =

-RA

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis most common age?

-under 16 years old

Bird like facies =

-JIA

Mouse like facies =

-Scleroderma

Most common population of SLE

-Women 20 to 40 years old

Clinical findings in SLE

-Malar rash

-Reversible subluxations in hands

Sensitive test in SLE =

-ANA

Specific test in SLE =

-Anti-DS DNA

Most common population in scleroderma?

-Women 30 to 50 years old

CREST syndrome (Scleroderma)

-Calcinosis cutis

-Raynaud’s phenomenon

-Esophageal dysmotility

-Skin changes

-Telangiectasia

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

-Psoriatic

-Enteropathic

-Ankylosing Spondylitis

-Reactive Arthritis

Non-Marginal syndesmophytes =

-Psoriatic

-Reactive

Marginal Syndesmophytes =

-Enteropathic

-AS

Most common population for AS?

-15 to 35 year old Males

Most common beginning area for AS

-SI joint

Pink scales & pitted nails =

-Psoriatic arthritis

Most common areas of involvement in Psoriatic Arthritis

-Upper extremity

Reactive Arthritis is more common in who?

-Males 20 to 40 years of age

Reactive Arthritis Triad

-Can’t see

-Can’t pee

-Can’t climb a tree

Most common type of Gout?

-Idiopathic

Most common population of Gout?

-40 to 60 year old males

People with gout have what more commonly?

-Metabolic syndrome

Most common area involved with gout?

-1st MTP

Rising sun appearance (Gout)

-Bilateral olecranon bursitis

CPPD common age?

-Over 50 years old

Most common presentation of CPPD

-inflammation of a joint, resembling severe osteoarthritis or gout

Most common locations of CPPD

-Menisci of the knee

-Radiocarpal/TFCC

CPPD is in what?

-Joint

HADD is in what?

-Tendon/ligament

Most common location for HADD

-Shoulder (supraspinatus)

-Hip (abductors and external rotators)

-Cervical spine (longus colli)

What enzyme is absent in Ochronosis?

-Homogentisic acid oxidase

Ochronosis clinical keys

-Brown-black urine

-Bluish brown pigmentation of skin

Most common area for ochronosis

-Spine (multiple calcified discs)

Osteitis Condensans Ilii

-Sclerotic change adjacent to SI joint secondary to chronic mechanical stress (pregnancy or sport with coronal plane movements)

Most common location of Pigmented villonodular synovitis

-Knee > Hip > ankle

Pigmented villonodular synovitis does not….

-Calcify (SCM does)

Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Most common secondary involvement in?

-Cardiopulmonary (Lung cancer)

Most common age of HOA

-over 40

Schamroth sign =

-HOA

HOA presentation

-Bilateral symmetric laminated/irregular solid periosteal reaction in the extremities (Diaphysis and metaphysis)

Most common location of Sarcoidosis

-Lungs

-Eyes

-Heart

Most common population of sarcoidosis

-female patients of African descent

Sarcoidosis pathognomic findings on X-ray

-Punched out osseous lesions

Right Hilum higher is always…

-Abnormal

Gold standard for chest imaging =

-CT

Azygos lobe/fissure =

-Normal variant of no clinical significance

-near right apex of lung

Most common form of diaphragmatic eventration

-Partial and on the right side

Most common cause of inferior rib notching?

-Coarctation of the Aorta

Most common clinical findings of coarctation of the Aorta

-Differential in blood pressure from upper extremity to lower extremity

Figure of 3 sign on X-ray =

-Coarctation of the Aorta

Silhouette sign =

-Loss of normal radiographic silhouette due to structures or pathology of similar density abutting the structure

Air Bronchogram sign =

-Visualization of air in the intrapulmonary bronchi on a chest radiograph due to increased density in the adjacent parenchyma

Presence of Air bronchogram sign =

-Consolidation (Pneumonia or cancer)

Extrapleural Sign

-A lesion outside the lung pressing into the pleura

Most common cause of extrapleural sign?

-Rib fracture

Meniscus Sign =

-Fluid within the pleural space obliterates the costophrenic angle

Golden S sign =

-Hilar mass causing atelectasis of the right upper lobe

Luftsichel Sign =

-Left upper lobe atelectasis

Most common causes of atelectasis

-Tumor (squamous cell or adenocarcinoma)

-passive pneumothorax

-Inflammation

-Mucus plug (obstruction)

Most common type of Atelectasis?

-Linear/PLate/discoid/subsegmental

Round Atelectasis is seen with?

-Asbestos Exposure

Most common type of pneumothorax?

-Spontaneous

Pneumothorax is common in who?

-Taller individuals that are younger

Atelectasis does what to the trachea

-Sucks

Pneumothorax does what to the trachea

-Pushes

Calcification of a mass indiactes?

-Its benign in nature

Most common organism to cause Lobar pneumonia?

-Streptococcal pneumonia