7.2 - natural vs artificial selection

natural selection

process when traits of a pop change over many generations as organisms with certain heritable traits survive and pass these traits to their offspring

artificial selection

selective pressure exerted by humans on pops in order to get desirable traits.

what determines fitness in natural selection

environmental conditions

what determines fitness in artificial selection

human control

what happens in both artificial and natural selection

gene pool gets affected

what must there be for natural selection to occur

diversity within a species

selective pressure in natural selection

abiotic/biotic environmental conditions select for certain characteristics and select against different characteristics.

does natural selection anticipate changes in the environment

no

fitness

number of viable offspring that an organism produces in the next gen

selective breeding tech ex

improve genetic quality of farm animals

biotechnology

• use of tech and organisms to produce useful products

• ex: artificial selection and selective breeding

importance of artificial selection to humans

large impact on human survival as most of the food we eat results from selectively bred animals

1896 illinois experiment

• in one group, they kept breeding together high oil kernals, and in the end the oil content rose up a lot

• in the other group, they kept breeding together low oil kernels, and in the end the oil content decreases a lot.

cons of artificial selection pets

breeding different animals together in order to get desirable traits can also result in health problems

consequences of artificial selection farming

agriculture usually consists of planting the same variety of a species on the same land, and if a new disease infects the crop population, the whole population could get killed since they are very similar

gene banks

contain pop of early ancestors of modern plants, and if modern plants face issues, we can use this DNA to help fix them