APUSH Unit 4

Federalists

Federalists

Elite Nationalists in favor of the Constitution.

Federalist Leaders

Washington, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton and Jay.

Federalist Arguments

Stronger central government was needed to maintain order and preserve the Union. BOR could limit rights by listing them.

Federalist Strategy

Emphasized the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation;showed their opponents as merely negative opponents (haters) with no solutions

Federalists Advantages

strong leaders and well-organized

Federalist Disadvantages

Constitution was new and untried. Lacked a bill of rights

Antifederalists

Agrarian Statists against the Constitution

Antifederalist Leaders

Patrick Henry, James Winthrop, John Hancock, George Clinton

Antifederalist Argument

Strong central gov. would destroy work of Revolution and limit democracy and restrict states rights. BOR protects individual rights.

Antifederalist Strategy

Said Constitution contained no Bill of Rights and gave central gov. more power than British monarch.

Antifederalist Advantages

Appealed to popular distrust of gov. based on colonial experience.

Antifederalist Disadvantages

Poorly organized. Slow to respond to Federalist challenge.

Bill of Rights and Ratification

Federalist cave and first 10 Amendments Ratified.

Washington Adminstration

First Executive Cabinet. Judicary Act 1789.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Created SCOTUS and lower court system.

Alexander Hamilton's Report of Public Credit

Redistribute debt to wealthy by "Funding at Par" Assumption of State Debt Tariffs and Excise Taxes (Whiskey Tax). Impact - Some states already paid debt so moved White House. Whiskey Rebellion.

Whiskey Rebellion

In response to Whiskey tax. Unlike Shay's Rebellion gov. now had power to stop it.

Hamilton's Report on National Bank + Debate on Constitutionality

Bank would be chartered for 20 years and would hold gov. money and create national currency. Debate - Commerce clause implies its necessary and proper (Hamilton) vs. Not explicitly states (Jefferson).

Federalist Party Leaders

Rule by Elite - John Adams and Alexander Hamilton

Federalist View of Constitution

loose interpretation, strong central government

Federalsits Foriegn Policy

Pro-British

Federalist Military Policy

large peacetime army and navy

Federalist Economic Policy

aid business; create a national bank; support high tariffs

Federalist Chief Supporters

Northern businessman and large landowners

Democratic-Republican Party Leaders

Rule by Commoners - Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Democratic-Republican view of Constitution

strict interpretation, weak central government

Democratic-Republican Foreign Policy

Pro-French

Democratic-Republican Economic Policy

-favor agriculture -oppose a national bank -oppose tariffs

Democratic-Republican Chief Supporters

skilled workers, small farmers, plantation owners

Opinions on Reign of Terror

Federalist don't like because it could spill over to US. D-R's like.

Proclaimation of neutrality 1793

Nullifies Treaty of Alliances. Friendly and Impartial in French Revolution.

Jay's Treaty (1794)

US vessels can trade with Britain

Pickney's Treaty (1795)

Spain gives US New Orleans port access.

Battle of Wabash (1791)

Miami Indians destroy White settlement led by Chief Little Turtle.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wade defeats Miami's. Leds to Treaty of Greenville - Miami give up some land but rest is recognized by US.

Washington's Farewell Address

2 term precedent. No Alliances, Sectionalism or Political Parties.

John Adams Administration (1797-1801)

XYZ Affair, Convention of 1800, Virginia and Kentucky Resolves.

XYZ Affair

3 american delegates sent to France to negotiate, caused by British and French threatening American shipping, French bribe delegates but US leaves. Report led to deceased French support.

Convention of 1800

Peace negotiations with France that ended naval hostilities.

Alien and Naturalization Acts

Federalist Majority in Congress passed laws to weaken DR support. Increased citizenship requirement and allowed deportations.

Sedition Act

Prosecute those who deface gov. officials.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, saying that states are final judge of constitutionality of laws and can therefore nullify. Federalist say only SCOTUS has this right.

Compact Theory

Evidence for V+K Resolves. The idea that the Constitution represents an agreement among sovereign states to form a common government. Federalist say people made the pact, not the states

Judiciary Act of 1801 (Midnight Judges)

Federalist trying to secure Judicial branch. New judicial offices created.

Marbury v Madison

Established judicial review

Samuel Chase Impeachment

Federalist trying to rid DR from Judicial Branch. Set precedent that impeachment based on criminal charges, not political parties

Jefferson Administration

Repealed Naturalization Act and excise taxes. Reduced debt and army size.

12th Amendment

Electoral votes for President and VP are separate.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Wanted access to Mississippi. Jefferson bought it but goes against his ideals since buying land not in Constitution.

Lewis and Clark

Claim Oregon

Essex Junto

A group of extreme Federalists who wanted to secede from the U.S. and form a Northern Confederacy because they thought northern states would have less power after the Louisiana Purchase.

Chesapeake Affair

HMS Leopard fires at USS Chesapeake trying to impress navy.

Embargo Act

In response to Chesapeake Affair. No exports.

Nonintercourse Act

Replaced Embargo Act. No trade with Britain or France.

Macon's Bill No. 2

1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain

Causes of the War of 1812

Problems of Frontier. Desire for Spanish Florida. War Fever Spreads (Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun).

Battle of Tippecanoe

Find out British arming Natives leads to wanting war and weakening Tecumseh and Prophet native Confederacy.

Orders in Council

Led to the War of 1812 by permitted impressment.

War of 1812

3 pronged attach on British Canada. Hull (West), Rennessler (Central), Dearborn (East).

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Ended the War of 1812. Status Quo Antebellum - Causes of war not Addressed. Armistice.

War of 1812 Politics

DR hated during war but liked when "won".

Hartsford Convention

NE secessionist that believe gov. flaws because of DR's. Hate DR's.

Legacy of 1812

Respect, Nationalism and Federalist politically powerless.