BSC 2.3 (Mitochondria and Chloroplasts)

Similarities of mitochondria and chloroplasts

power provider of the cell: membrane-bound organelle: contain their own DNA (encodes some proteins and ribosomes for their activity): Move about within cell and divide to form more organelles

Chloroplast

“solar plant”

Mitochondria

“coal plant”

Endosymbiant Theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have evolved directly from bacteria that were internalized in another cell

Mitochondrial Ancestor

effective at respiration and utilizing complex chemicals

Chloroplast Ancestor

Photosynthetic and able to derive energy from sunlight

Symbiosis

Means “living together”

Mutualism

Both parties benefit from this type of symbiosis

Commenalism

One party benefits with little to no effect on the other party: type of symbiosis

Parasitism

One party benefits at the expense of the other: type of symbiosis

Mitochondrial Function

Responsible for respiration: Reactions are membrane associated

Mitochondrial Structure

Maximized membrane surface area: proteins bound to inner membrane: CRISTAE are folds of inner membrane: “matrix” is the fluid surrounding cristae in inner membrane

Chloroplast structure

Have double membrane with space in between: Have additional membranes called thylakoids:

Thylakoids

Where chloroplasts are stored: Surrounded by stroma, as their interactions are important

Stroma

Fluid in inner membrane: interacts with thylakoids