chapter 2

dermatology

medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system

integument/o

skin

ary

pertaining to

cutane/o

skin

epidermis

the thin, outermost layer of the skin

dermis

thick and lies below dermis

epidermis contains

dead protective cells at its surface and living, actively dividing cells at its base.

dermis contains

contains sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, and hair follicles.

subcutaneous tissue

connective tissue, below the dermis. composed of adipose tissue or fatty tissue

subcutaneous tissue function

cushions and insulates body

dermat/o

skin

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

edema

Swelling from excessive amounts of fluid that move from the blood into the dermis or subQ

Hemmorrhage

Injury to the blood vessels that releases blood into the skin.

lesion

Any area of visible damage on the skin or a variation from normal skin.

pitting edema

a finger pressed into the skin leaves a temporary depression

senile lentigo

age spot

neo

new

plasm

growth

pruritis

severe itching of the skin, as a symptom of various ailments.

rash

A red or pink skin lesion that is flat or raised, itchy or not itchy.

xer/o

dry

Melanocytes

produce the pigment melanin that absorbs the sun's UV light

melan/o

black

cyte

cell

Does everyone have the same number of melanocytes?

yes

albin/o

white

ism

disease from a specific cause

Albinism

Genetic mutation in which melanocytes do not produce melanin; results in a lack of coloration of the skin, hair, and eye

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

erythema

Red discoloration of the skin; may be local or over large areas of skin.

eryth/o

red

ema

condition

jaundice

yellowing of the skin

jaund/o

yellow

ice

state

necrosis

Gray-to-black discoloration of skin due to skin death from a burn, ulcer, wound, or poor blood supply.

necr/o

dead tissue

osis

condition, process

vitiligo

Autoimmune disease in which melanocytes are slowly destroyed and patches of depigmentation appear.

vitium

defect

abrasion

Sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis.

abras/o

scrape off

ion

action, condition

blister

fluid filled sac with a thin, transparent covering of epidermal cells; caused by repetitive rubbing injury.

superficial burn

3rd degree burn

partial thickness burn

2nd degree burn

full thickness burn

1st degree burn

callus

Thickened, elevated pad on the dermis caused by repetitive rubbing.

cicatrix

Collagen that forms as an injury heals; a scar.

Excoriation

linear scratch on the skin

keloid

Firm abnormally large scar that grows larger than the original injury due to overproduction of collagen.

kel/o

tumor

-oid

resembling

laceration

may have clean-cut edges or torn, ragged edges.

lacer/o

tearing

decubitus ulcer

Ulcer in the skin caused by epidermal and dermal breakdown; associated with constant pressure on the skin that decreases blood flow over bony areas.

decubitus

lying down

abscess

Localized pus-containing pocket under the skin caused by a bacterial infection

furuncle

an abscess around a hair follicle

carbuncle

several furuncles

cellulitis

Inflammation of cellular or connective tissue

shingles

Infection with the virus herpes

dermatome

is an area of skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord

skin scraping

Scraping of cells from a lesion done with the edge of a scalpel; cells are examined under a microscope to diagnose tinea.

Tznack test

Scraping of fluid from a vesicle to produce a slide for microscopic inspection; used to diagnose herpes virus and shingles.

wood lamp or light

Ultraviolet light used to highlight areas of abnormal skin

botox injection

treatment for deep wrinkles, or for migraines

collagen injections

treatment or acne scars

cryolipolysis

treatment for unwanted fat deposits; cold device applied to the skin freezes fat cells and causes them to crystalize and die

cry/o

cold

lip/o

fat

-lysis

breaking down

surg/o

operative procedure

debridement

treament for necrotic tissue removal; prevents infection and creats clean, raw surface for healing or grafting.

electrosurgery

treatment for benign or small malignant lesions; electricity evaporates cellular contents and kills cells

incision and drainage

treatment to drain fluid

integumentary system

covers most of the surface of the body. It consists of the skin, the nails, and the subcutaneous tissue.

cyst

elevated circular mound filled with fluid

fissure

small, cracklike crevice

macule

flat circle

papule

elevated, solid area that forms on the skin

pustule

elevated pus filled area

scale

flat to slightly elevated, thin flake

vesicle

elevated with a pointed top, filled with clear fluid

wheal

elevated with broad flat top, filled with clear fluid

neoplasm

new growth on the skin

pruritus

itching

cell/o

cell

verrcua

wart caused by hpv

tinea

ringworm

tinea captitis

scalp ringworm

tinea corporis

body ringworm

tinea cruris

ringworm of the groin

pediculosis

lice

Scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by itchy mites

contact dermatitis

exposures cause allergic reaction

urticaria

allergic reaction that creates rash

actinic keratosis

Raised, rough areas due to chronic sun exposure

actin/o

rays of the sun