Thrust commercial class 12

human factors

symptoms of hypoxia

headache, dizziness, cyanosis, euphoria, slow to react

what is an important factor to consider at various levels of hypoxia

time of useful consciousness

boyles law

given the same temp, gas expands with lower pressure (why air is less dense higher up)

depressurization types

1. rapid (cracked door seal, 1-10 seconds, bullet through window)

2. explosive (door pops off, less than 1 second, can pop lungs)

3. gradual (more than 10 seconds)

FL350 time of useful consciousness

30-60 seconds

FL200 time of useful consciousness

30+ minutes

FL450 time of useful consciousness

9-15 seconds

when do symptoms of hypoxia start

10,000 day, 5,000 night

pressurized aircraft hypoxia rules and reg

91.211

above fl250 = 10 min supply of oxygen required for each occupant

above fl350 = pilot must wear ox mask if flying alone

what kind of depressurization is the most dangerous

gradual (you don’t recognize it)

helios airways fl522

hypoxic aircraft, no response to ATC, kept flying until it ran out of fuel, everyone died

hypemic hypoxia

unable to transport oxygen (carbon monoxide poisoning, blood donation, anemia, sickle cell)

1oz alcohol is how many ft of altitude

2000ft

CO symtoms

tightness across head, blurry vision, dizziness, loss of muscle power

what kind of oxygen can you use for supplemental oxygen?

aviation grade (no moisture in it)

hyperventillation

over-breathing, not enough CO2

breath into a bag to see it regulating, or have them read a checklist

how long should you avoid white lights at night before flying

30 mins

why do we use red light at night?

white and red are opposites on the color spectrum—super dim

illusions in flight (ICEFLAGS)

inversion—abrupt change from climb to straight and level makes you feel like youre tumbling backwards

coriolis—ear fluid settles in a turn, sudden movements make you feel like you’re on an entirely different axis

elevator—straight and level acceleration makes you feel like you’re climbing

false horizon—natural horizon is obscured

leans—

autokinesis—starting at a single point of light, light moves by itself

graveyard spiral—after a prolonged turn, you try to level out but actually turn in opposite direction

somatographic—rapid acceleration causes you to feel like you’re nose-up or in a climb

ear fluid settles in a turn, sudden movements make you feel like you’re on an entirely different axis

coriolis illusion

abrupt change from climb to straight and level makes you feel like youre tumbling backwards

inversion illusion

straight and level acceleration makes you feel like you’re climbing

elevator illusion

sudden return to level flight after a turn causes pilot to lean in direction of last turn

leans

after a prolonged turn, you try to level out but actually turn in opposite direction

graveyard spiral

rapid acceleration causes you to feel like you’re nose-up or in a climb

somatographic

upslope/downslope runway illusion

upslope= wider

downslope= thinner. farther

narrow/wide runway illusion

narrow = feel higher

wider = feel lower

what is impacted by ear and sinus block?

vestibular illusion

how to equalize pressure in vestibular system

yawn, chew, pinch nose and blow

what is the tube called that goes behind eardrum to nose

Eustachian tube

sinus block symptoms

pain, reduced hearing ability,

decompression sickness (DCS)

the bends—inert gases (nitrogen mainly) that is normally dissolved in body fluids and tissues bubbles out at joints

controlled vs uncontrolled ascent

uncontrolled—

12 hours below 8000 pressure altitude

24 hours above 8000 pressure altitude

controlled

24 hours

2 types of fatigue

chronic and acute

dehydration symptoms

headache, fatigue, cramps, sleepiness, dizziness

how much water do you lose for every hour of flight?

8oz — caused by less moisture in air

alcohol or drug reg number

91.17

ADM

systematic approach to mental process used by pilots to assess risk and determine best course of action

Crew resource management

task delegation

5 Ps for ADM

plane

pilot

program

planning

pax

decide model—spell it out

detect

estimate

choose

identify

do

evaluate