3.3.6.1 Identification of functional groups by test- tube reactions
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7 Terms
How to test for alkenes?
Bromine water
Orange water decolourises
How to test for aldehydes (-al)?
Tollen’s reagent (aqueous mixture of ammonia and silver nitrate), heat gently, silver mirror forms, Ag^+ + e^-1 → Ag
Fehling’s solution (contains blue Cu²+ ions), heat gently, brick red precipitate forms
Cu²+ e^-1 → Cu³+
What happens when reacting ketones with Tollen’s reagent and Fehling’s solution?
No reaction
How to test for carboxylic acid?
Any carbonate (sodium carbonate/sodium hydrogen carbonate)
Effervescence of CO2
What does acidified potassium dichromate (VI) test for?
primary or secondary alcohols or aldehydes
cause orange to green colour change
orange dichromate ions (Cr2O7²-) being reduced to green chromium ions (Cr³+)
Does acidified potassium dichromate (VI) react with ketones?
No because ketones can’t be further oxidised.
How to test for halogenoalkanes
Warm silver nitrate solution with ethanol.
Silver chloride- white precipitate (chloroalkane)
Silver bromide- cream precipitate
Silver iodide- yellow precipitate
Note 
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