AP Chemistry units 2.1-2.3

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Chemical Bonding

Attraction between nucleus of one atom and the electron of another.

Ionic bonds

Metal and nonmetal - transferring electrons

Covalent bonds

(Two Nonmetals) they share electrons

Nonpolar Covalent bonds

Electrons are shared equally (two nonmetals)

Polar covalent Bond

Electrons are shared unequally (two nonmetals)

metallic bonds

Electrons not associated with a single atom or molecule (de localized electrons)

Bond polarity

Difference in electronegativity values of two elements

Atoms with high electronegative difference

Will develop a partial negative charge

Atoms with a low electronegative difference

Will develop a partial positive charge

How to know if a bond is more polar

Large electronegative difference

Single bond

Fewest shared electrons

Weaker attraction between nucleus of one atom and the bonding electrons

Weaker and longer bond

Triple bond

Most shared electrons

Stronger attraction between nucleus of one atom and the bonding electrons

Stronger and shorter bond

Lattice energy

Energy required to separate ions in an ionic bond