Chapter 1.1

Mean

“average“

sum of all values / total # of values

Median

middle value

Mode

most common value

Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)

average distance of all values from the mean

∑ * |𝑥𝑖−𝑥̄| / 𝑛

Population

large group of people or other things

Sample

a subset of a population that’s studied in a statistical study

(Statistical)Unit

a member of the sample

Population Parameter

number that describes a population

Subject

a human unit

Explanatory Variable

adjusted variable

Response Variable

measured variable

Confounding (Lurking) Variable

variable that's unaccounted for and effects the response + explanatory variable

Control Variable

variable that's held constant to prevent it from becoming a lurking variable

Control

accounts for confounding variables so you can infer that changes in response variable are due to explanatory variable

Completely Randomized Design

units are assigned to treatments at random and not grouped based on anything

Randomized Block Design

units w/ similar characteristics are grouped into blocks based on potential confounding variables (gender), units in each group are assigned to treatments at random

Matched Pairs Design

units w/ similar characteristics (age) are paired and one unit in each pair is assigned to treatment and one to no treatment

Double Blind Experiment

BOTH subject and observer don't know which treatment group subjects are in

Single Blind Experiment

Either subjects or observer don't know which treatment group the subjects are in

Replication

being able to repeatedly receive consistent results in order to ensure results are correct

Law of Large Numbers

repeating something many times makes experimental results closer to expected results

Census

observing / surveying whole population