Chapter 4: Integumentary System

epidermis

thin, outer layer of the skin

dermis

layer of the skin that contains hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sensory receptors

layer of the skin that contains fat and provides insulation for deeper structures

subcutaneous layer

basement membrane

place where new, living epidermal cells are produced

sudoriferous glands

sweat glandsthat help regulate body temperature by releasing sweat.

sebaceous glands

oil glands that can be found at the base of hair follicles all over the body

sebum

substance secreted by oil glands

skin

the largest organ of the body with major functions of protection and temperature regulationlac

laceration

cut or tear in the flesh

abrasion

area where skin has been scraped away

edema

swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in tissues.

erythema

redness of the skin due to increased blood flow

leukocytes

white blood cells

melanocytes

pigment-producing skin cellsm

melanin

pigment that gives skin its color re

reflex

an action or response that happens so quickly one doesn’t have time to think about it

the part of the hair that you can see; functions to filter dust and debris from the air

hair shaftt

the part of the hair that is buried in the skin

hair follicle

lunula

half-moon area at the base of the nail where new growth occurs

nail bed

nails slide slowly over this layer of epithelial tissue as they grow

derm/o

skin

kerat/o

keratinized tissue, cornea

trich/o

hair

morph/o

shape

lip/o

fat

son/o

sound ne

necr/o

dead

idi/o

unknown, peculiar

hidr/o

sweat

xer/o

dry, as in dry skin. o

onych/o

nail

myc/o

fungus

path/o

disease

seb/o

sebum

cyt/o

cell

cutane/o

skin

eti/o

cause

adip/o

fat

rhytid/o

wrinkle

scler/o

hardening, sclera

pil/o

hair

hydr/o

water

dermat/o

skin

albin/o

white

leuk/o

white

chromat/o

color

xanth/o

yellow

cyan/o

blue

erythem/o

red

erythr/o

red

melan/o

black

type of thermal injury to the skin caused by a variety of heat sources, classified according to severity (first-degree, second-degree, third-degree)

burn

area of injury and tissue death caused by unrelieved pressure that impedes circulation in the skin and underlying tissue (pressure ulcer or bedsore)

decubitus ulcer

alopecia

autoimmune disorder results in hair loss, can be in patches

ecchymosis (contusion)

discoloration of the skin, bruise

macule

flat, discolored spot on the skin, freckle

acne

disease of sebaceous gland and hair follicles in the skin, marked by clogged pores, pimples, cysts, and nodules on the face, neck, chest, back, and other areas

actinic keratosis

precancerous condition in which rough, scaly patches of the skin develop, most common on sun-exposed areas

basal cell carcinoma

common type of skin cancer that typically appears as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may blend

bulla

large blister or skin vesicle filled with fluid

callus

thickened, hardened, toughened area of the skin caused by frequent or chronic pressure or friction

carbuncle

very large furuncle or cluster of connected furuncles (skin abscess)

celluitis

potential serious bacterial skin infection marked by pain, edema, warmth, or fever

comedo

blackhead

corn

small callus that develops on smooth, hairless skin surfaces

eczema

inflammatory skin condition marked by red, hot, dry, scaly, cracked, and itchy skin or blisters

epidermoid cyst

small sac or pouch below the skin surface containing a thick, cheesy substance; appears pale white or yellow, can be darker in dark-skinned peoplefi

fissure

small, cracklike break in the skin

folliculitis

inflammation of hair follicles marked by rash with small red bumps, pustules, tenderness, and itching

frostbite

injury that occurs when skin tissues are exposed to temperatures cold enough to cause them to freeze

furuncle

infection of a hair follicle and nearby tissue, also called a boil

impetigo

highly contagious infection of the epidermis caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, marked by yellow to red weeping crusted

incision

surgical cut in the flesh

lipoma

a fatty tumor located just below the skin

lyme disease

bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks

malignant melanoma

aggressive form of skin cancer that often begins as various-colored, symmetrical lesions larger than 6 mm in diameter

melasma

development of irregular areas of darker-pigmented skin on the forehead, nose, cheek, and face

papule

small raised spot or bump on the skin such as a mile

paronychial

acute or chronic infection of the margins of the fingernail or toenail, marked by warmth, erythema, edema, pus, throbbing, pain, or tenderness

pediculosis

infestation of head, body, or pubic lice, marked by itching, the appearance of lice on the body, eggs

petechia

tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots

psoriasis

chronic, inflammatory skin disorder marked by the development of silvery-white scaly patches with sharp defined borders and reddened skin beneath

puncture

hole or wound make by a sharp, pointed instrument

pustule

small pus-filled blister

rosacea

chronic condition that causes flushing and redness of the face, neck, and chest

scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by Sarcoptes scabiei, the itch mite, with symptoms of itching, scaly papules, insect burrows, and secondary infected lesions

sebaceous cyst

small sac or pouch below the skin surface filled with a thick fluid or semisolid oily substance called sebumoften caused by blocked sebaceous glands.

seborrheic keratosis

benign, flat, irregularly shaped skin growth of various colors with a warty, waxy,

''stuck-on” appearance

squamous cell carcimoma

a type of cancer that usually appears in the mouth, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, or vagina and uterine cervix, marked by a firm, rod nodule or a scaly appearance

tinea

fungal skin disease occurring on various parts of the body, feet, scalp, genital area, trunk, nails, or mustache or beard

ulcer

lesion of the skin or mucous membranes, marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues

urticaria

itchy wheals on the skin that results from allergic reactions

vesicle

clear, fluid,filled blister

vitiligo

chronic skin disease results in patchy loss of skin pigment, may also affect hair color and cause white patches or streaks

wart

small, benign skin tumor caused by various strains of the human papillomavirus, appearance varies from tiny to moderate sized bumps or cauliflower-shaped growths

wheal

rounded, temporary elevation in the skin, white in the center with a red-pink Assessment and Program Evaluation module periphery and accompanied by itching

Tx

treatment

Bx, bx

biospy

STM

soft tissue mobilization

Decub

decubitus ulcer