acids and bases

Acid properties

Sour taste (citrus fruits)

Conduct electric current

red indicates acid

React with bases to produce salt and water:

Some react with metals to release H2 gas

Base properties

Bitter taste (coffee)

Feel slippery (soap)

Blue indicates base

Caustic- attack the skin, cause severe

burns

Conduct electric current

Arrhenius Acid:

A compound that produces H+ in solution. Ionizes to yield a proton in an aqueous solution.

Arrhenius Base:

A compound that produces OH- in solution.

Hydronium ion

The particle formed by the combination of a hydrogen ion with a water molecule. (H3O)

Brønsted-Lowry acid

a substance that donates a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction

Strong Acids

Strong electrolytes conjugate base (Acid after reaction) is

quite weak

Ionic/ very polar

Weak Acids

Only a fraction of molecules are ionized at a time

Ionize partially/dissociated

Most weak acids remain as molecules

Weak electrolytes

Some covalent bonds

Amphoteric

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base

Lewis acid

A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction where a molecule is broken down by the addition of water

Conjugate acid

formed when a base accepts a proton (H⁺) in a chemical reaction

Conjugate base

the species is formed when an acid loses a proton (H+)

Conjugate acid-base pair

A pair of substance that differ by only one hydrogen ion

one

monoprotic

two

diprotic

three

triprotic