History Unit 4 Test Study Guide

Andrew Jackson

7th president of the US, responsible for the removal of Native Americans from the Southeast and economic issues that occurred after his presidency

John Quincy Adams

6th president of the US, defeated Jackson in the Election of 1824 due to a "corrupt bargain"

Henry Clay

ardent opponent of Jackson, creator of the American system

John C. Calhoun

Jackson’s first VP, resigned over the Nullification Crisis in South Carolina

Martin Van Buren

the 'Little Magician'; replaced Calhoun as Jackson’s VP and succeeded Jackson as President; his presidency was marred by economic issues from Jackson’s policies

The Nullification Crisis

caused by the Tariff of Abominations, South Carolina claimed they could nullify the tariff; marked a divide between Jackson and Calhoun

Spoils System

practice of a political party giving public office to its supporters; prominently utilized by Jackson

Indian Removal Act of 1830

authorized the forced removal of Native Americans from the Southeastern United States

Trail of Tears

the forced 5000-mile relocation of Native Americans from the Southeast, leading to suffering and deaths from exposure, disease, and starvation

Jackson’s War Against the B.U.S

Jackson's refusal to recharter the Bank of the US, withdrawing federal deposits to state banks

Worcester v Georgia

Supreme Court case ruling that Cherokee were a sovereign nation and could not be forcibly removed

John Marshall

Chief Justice who ruled against Jackson in several key decisions

William Henry Harrison

9th President, who died 30 days into his term after contracting pneumonia

John Tyler

Harrison’s VP who became president after Harrison's death; established the line of presidential succession

'Tippecanoe and Tyler Too'

campaign slogan used to promote Harrison and Tyler, aiming to connect them with the American electorate

Manifest Destiny

the belief in the inevitable expansion of the US westward to the Pacific, viewed as divinely ordained

Oregon Trail

route used by Americans to migrate westward, linked to the ideology of Manifest Destiny

Texas Revolution

conflict from 1835-1836 where Texas fought for independence from Mexico

Annexation of Texas

Texas requested US annexation in 1844 due to financial troubles, officially completed by Tyler

The Alamo

Texas fort attacked by Mexican forces, becoming a symbol of resistance and martyrdom

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Mexican general who led the attack on the Alamo

James K Polk

11th President who focused on territorial expansion of the US

Oregon Treaty of 1846

treaty with England defining the Northern US border at the 49th parallel

Mexican American War

conflict over land acquisition in the Southwest, resulting in a decisive US victory

Zachary Taylor

military general and hero of the Mexican-American War

Winfield Scott

military general who served under Taylor during the Mexican campaign

John C. Fremont

military general who led operations in California during the Mexican-American War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

ended the Mexican-American War, granting the US the Mexican Cession for $15 million

Mexican Cession

land acquired by the US in the Southwest after the Mexican-American War, including parts of several states

Whig Party

political party opposing Jackson and the Democrats, led by Clay and Adams

Democrat Party

political party created by Jackson and Van Buren, emphasizing popular sovereignty