Project 2 CBAS Terms

Reinforcement

A positive, rewarding reaction to a good play or good effort.

Non-Reinforcement

Failure to respond to a good performance.

Mistake-contingent encouragement

Encouragement after a mistake.

Mistake-contingent technical instruction

Instruction or demonstration on how to correct a mistake the athlete has made

punishment

A negative reaction (verbal or nonverbal) after a mistake.

Punitive technical instruction

Technical instruction given in a punitive or hostile manner after a mistake.

Ignoring Mistakes 

Failure to respond to an athlete mistake.

Keeping Control

Reactions intended to restore or to maintain order among team members

General Technical Instruction

Spontaneous instruction in the techniques and strategies of the sport that does not follow a mistake

General Encouragement 

Spontaneous encouragement that does not follow a mistake.

Organization

Administrative behavior that sets the stage for the training session or practice by assigning duties or responsibilities.

General Communication

Instructions with athletes unrelated to the game or sport activity

Reactive Behaviors 

Responses to a specific athlete behavior, as when a coach instructs after an error.

Spontaneous Behaviors

Responses initiated by the coach, such as when a coach yells encouragement to her athletes as they run on to the soccer field

Leadership

The process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

Relationship-Oriented Leaders

Individuals in leadership positions who develop interpersonal relationships, keep lines of communication open, maintain positive social interactions, and ensure that everyone is involved and feeling good

Task-Oriented Leaders

Individuals in leadership positions who primarily work to get the task done and meet their objectives.

Transactional Leadership

Individuals in leadership positions who focus on reinforcing and punishing followers relative to team tasks and monitoring follower performance.

Transformational Leadership

Individuals in leadership positions who take a visionary approach to inspire people to follow that vision and supportively works with them to excel

Prescribed Leader

A leader that is appointed by someone in authority.