Archaeology Workshop Flashcards

Flashcards for Mid Term Review ANC 193 – Archaeology Workshop

What is the meaning of the term CONTEXT? (1)

The physical material that surrounds the object.

What is the meaning of the term CONTEXT? (2)

The provenance of the object (geographical and cultural).

What is the meaning of the term CONTEXT? (3)

The artifacts associated with the object.

When did the Etruscan civilization exist?

I millennium BC

Where did the Etruscans live?

Central Italy

What are the 5 Periods of Etruscan Civilization?

Villanovans, Orientalizing Period, Archaic period, Classical period, The Hellenistic period and Romanization

What were the boundaries of Etruria?

Arno River and Tiber River

What do archaeologists call the artifacts (vessels, jewels, weapons, etc.) buried together with the corpse or the ashes of the deceased?

Grave Goods

SASSO PINZUTO finds mainly belong to which period?

Orientalizing period

PRATINO finds mainly belong to which period?

Hellenistic period

Why are objects preserved?

Objects are preserved since they are EVIDENCE.

What are the 4 definitions of CONSERVATION?

Return the object to its original form

Preserve the true nature of an object

Minimize further deterioration

Management of change

What is the natural progression of change in all materials?

There is a natural progression of change in all materials, from formation through maturity, to decay and ultimately disintegration.

What is INTERVENTIVE CONSERVATION?

Those acts of conservation which physically or chemically intervene with the object.

What are the 5 acts of interventive conservation

Earth filling removal

Surfaces cleaning

Consolidation

Joining fragments with adhesive

Reconstruction (loss filling)

What is Reversibility, as it applies to conservation principles?

Each intervention should be capable of being removed without damages and without leaving residues.

What is Minimum Intervention, as it applies to conservation principles?

The intervention should be limited to the minimum, consistent with effective conservation.

What is Visibility, as it applies to conservation principles?

Each intervention should be recognizable.

What is Compatibility of materials, as it applies to conservation principles?

Any new material introduced should be as close as possible to the original material.

What are the steps in pottery manufacturing?

Procurement and preparation of raw materials

Forming

Drying

Finishing

Firing

Why is handling pieces risky?

Any movement of an object put it at risk from impact damage

a full evaluation of the circumstances is needed

An examination of the object should be made prior to handling