COMPANA Lab-LE3

Mobility, Stabilization, Posture, Physiology, Protection, Temperature Regulation

What are the roles of the muscular system? (MSPPPTr)

Muscle Fibers

The muscular system is composed of specialized what specialized cells?

Contractability

What is the main quality of muscle fibers?

Sarcomere

It is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber.

50%

The muscular system makes up roughly what percentage of a person’s body weight?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth or Visceral

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal Muscle

• Fibers: striated, tubular and multi-nucleated

• Voluntary

Smooth Muscle

• Fibers: non-striated, spindle-shaped, uninucleated

• Involuntary

• Usually covering wall of internal organs

Cardiac Muscle

• Fibers: striated, branched, uninucleated

• Involuntary

• Has Intercalated Discs

Intercalated Discs

It’s responsible for synchronizing the contraction of the heart.

Skeletal Muscle

What type of muscle tissue is this?

Smooth or Visceral Muscle

What type of muscle tissue is this?

Cardiac Muscle

What type of muscle tissue is this?

Bone > tendon >deep fascia> epimysium > skeletal muscle > perimysium > fascicle > endomysium > muscle fiber > sarcolemma > myofibril > sarcomere

Enumerate the order in which how the a skeleton muscle is attached to a bone starting from the bone (Superficial-Deep).

Tendon

What is 1?

Deep Fascia

What is 2?

Epimysium

What is 3?

Skeletal Muscle

What is 4?

Blood Vessels

What are 5?

Perimysium

What is 6?

Fascicle

What is 7?

Endomysium

What is 8?

Muscle Fiber

What is 9?

Blood capillary

What is 10?

Sarcolemma

What is 11?

Motor Neuron

What is 12?

Myofibril

What is 13?

Sarcomere

What is 14?

Epimysium

Outermost dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the

entire skeletal muscle, providing structural integrity and reducing friction.

Skeletal Muscle

A complete organ composed of bundles of muscle

fibers, responsible for voluntary movements.

Perimysium

Connective tissue that wraps around bundles of muscle

fibers (fascicles) within the muscle.

Fascicle

A bundle of muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle, surrounded

by the perimysium.

Endomysium

Thin connective tissue layer that surrounds each individual

muscle fiber within a fascicle.

Muscle Fiber

A single muscle cell, long and cylindrical, responsible for

contraction.

Sarcolemma

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber that encases each

cell and transmits action potentials.

Myofibril

Rod-like structures within muscle fibers, composed of

repeating units called sarcomeres, responsible for muscle contraction.

Sarcomere

The smallest functional unit of a myofibril, consisting of actin

and myosin filaments, which contracts to produce force.

Connective tissues sheaths

Layers that provide support, protection, and organization to the muscle

at different levels (whole muscle, fascicles, and individual fibers)

Fascia

Connective tissue that surrounds and separates muscles

Aponeurosis

A type of fascia that is flat and sheet-like attaching muscles to muscles or

muscles to bones

Tendon

fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones

Thick, dense

outer layer

covering the

entire muscle

Describe the appearance of the epimysium.

Provides

structural

support,

protection,

reduces friction

Describe the function of the epimysium.

Intermediate

thickness,

surrounds

fascicles

Describe the appearance of the perimysium.

Groups fibers

into fascicles,

carries vessels

Describe the function of the perimysium.

Thin, delicate

layer around

muscle fibers

Describe the appearance of the endomysium.

Supports,

facilitates

nutrient

exchange

Describe the function of the endomysium.

Thin, fibrous

connective

tissue around

muscles and

groups

Describe the appearance of the fascia.

Separates and

protects

muscles,

supports

vessels and

nerves

Describe the function of the fascia.

Flat, sheet-like,

shiny, and

fibrous

Describe the appearance of the aponeurosis.

Transmits force

across a broad

area, connects

muscles to

bones or other

muscles

Describe the function of the aponeurosis.

Thick, rope-

like, dense

regular

connective

tissue

Describe the appearance of a tendon.

Attaches

muscles to

bones,

transmits force

for movement

Describe the function of a tendon.

Point where a muscle attaches to a stationary

bone or structure.

What is the definition of the muscle origin?

Point where a muscle attaches to a movable

bone or structure.

What is the definition of the muscle insertion?

Typically proximal

What is the general location of a muscle origin?

Typically distal

What is the general location of a muscle insertion?

relatively stable

Describe the stability of the muscle origin during movement.

moves and is responsible for the

actual movement

Describe the stability of the muscle insertion during movement.

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps brachii?

Coracoid process of scapula

What is the origin of the short head of the Biceps brachii?

Radial tuberosity of radius via bicipital tendon

What is the insertion of the Biceps brachii?

Flexes forearm at the elbow joint; supinates forearm

What is the action of the Biceps brachii?

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest

What is the point of origin of the Rectus abdominis?

Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

What is the insertion of the Rectus abdominis?

Flexes the vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents

What is the action of the Rectus abdominis?

Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

What is the origin of the Gluteus maximus?

Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract

What is the insertion of the Gluteus maximus?

Extends and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip

What is the action of the Gluteus maximus?

Maximus/magnus

Code for largest muscle

Minimus

Code for smallest muscle

Medius

Code for the muscle that “medium” in size

Major

Code for the larger muscle

Minor

Code for the smaller muscle

Brevis

Code for the shorter muscle

Longus

Code for the longest muscle

Vastus

Code for muscles that are great or huge in surface area.

Trapezius

Code for muscles shaped like a trapezoid

Deltoid

Code for muscles shaped like a triangle. Commonly sits on top of the shoulder.

Serratus

Code for saw-shaped muscles.

Platysma

Code for flat-shaped muscles.

Rhomboid

Code for diamond-shaped muscles

Quadratus

Code for square/four-sded muscles.

Teres

Code for round or cylindrical-shaped muscles.

Rectus

Code for a straight/errect muscle that is parallel to the midline.

Transversus

Code for when the muscle is perpendicular to the midline.

Oblique

Code for when the muscle is slanted or diagonal to the midline

Orbicularis, sphincter

a name given to ringlike muscles that encircle or may form a constricting passage

Flexor

decrease the angle at a joint

Extensors

muscles that counter flexors and increase the angle at a joint

Pronator

turn limbs so that they face downwards or backward

Supinator

counters pronators turn limbs so they face upwards or forward

Levator

lifts a structure up

Depressor

lowers a structure

Adductor

moves towards the midline

Abductor

moves away from the midline

Rotator

rotates one structure relative to another

Pollicis

refers to thumb

Biceps

Code for muscles that have 2 points origin