Organic Compounds

What are the four types of organic molecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.

What elements do organic molecules contain?

Carbon and Hydrogen.

What is the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in carbohydrates?

1:2:1.

What are monosaccharides?

Simple sugars like Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose that form polysaccharides.

What is a disaccharide?

A carbohydrate made of two monosaccharides.

What reaction forms polysaccharides?

Condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.

What are lipids characterized by?

They are non-polar, hydrophobic, and insoluble in water.

What is the main function of lipids?

Long term energy storage and they also make up cell membranes.

What are triglycerides composed of?

Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.

What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated?

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbons, while unsaturated do.

What is the structure of phospholipids?

A modified triglyceride containing a phosphate group, making it amphipathic.

What is the role of steroids?

Built from cholesterol, they function as hormones for communication.

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

To store information on how to build proteins.

What sugar is found in DNA?

Deoxyribose.

What sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose.

What are the base pairs in DNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.

What are the base pairs in RNA?

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil.

What is the structural significance of DNA strands?

Strands are aligned anti-parallel.