Organic Compounds

4 types of organic molecules - Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids.

They contain: Carbon & Hydrogen

Carbohydrates:

Contain 3 elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

In a 1:2:1 Ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Known as Sugars and provide ENERGY

Monossaccharide- Forms Polyssaccarhides

Ex.) Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose (Monossaccharides)

Dissaccharides- Composed of two monossaccharides.

These polymers are formed through a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.

Ex.) Sucrose is compose of glucose and fructose.

Lipids:

Non-polar and hydrophobic

-Carbon and hydrogen, non-polar, makeup fats!

-Insoluble in water

Long term energy storage

-Also cell membrane

COMPOSED OF C,H,O BUT VERY FEW “O”

Triglycerides:

3 fatty acids attached to a Glycerol backbone, (forms an “E” shape)

Saturated and Unsaturated fats:

-Saturated fatty acids have NO double bonds between carbon.

-Unsaturated DO have double bonds between the carbon.

Saturated- Solid at room temperature

Unsaturated - Liquid at room temperature

CIS and TRANS fats are unsaturated.

Phospholipids:

• A modified triglyceride that contains a phosphate group

Phosphate- hyrdophillic

Fatty Acids - Hydrophobic

MAKES IT AMPHITPATHIC or HYDROPHOBIC AND HYRDOPHILIC

-Forms the phospholipid bylayer in cell membrane

Steroids:

• Built from cholesterol

• Hormones for communication

Waxes:

-Waxes are composed of a long-chain fatty acids

-Form Protective layers

Nucleic Acids:

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)

• Store info on how to build proteins

  -Sequence of amino acids

  -Stored in the genes of DNA

Protein Synthesis:

Structure of DNA:

-Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides

• Each nucleic acid contains a base and a sugar

  -The sugar in DNA is Deoxyribose

  -In RNA it is Ribose

  DNA BASES: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and THYMINE

  RNA BASES: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, URACIL

PROTEINS: