Governance Exam

sport governance

The exercise of power and authority in sport organizations, including policy making, to determine organizational mission, membership, eligibility and regulatory power, within the organization's appropriate local, national, or international scope"

regulatory power

the ability to enforce rules and impose punishments or sanctions

Organizational Attributes

Identity, Program activity, Membership, Clear boundaries, permanency, division of labor, hierarchy of authority, formal rules & procedures

General Assembly

Members selected according to bylaws- has president, vice president & secretary- Meetings follow "Robert rules"- call to order for various reasons, then adjournment

standing committee

permanent legal committee

ad hoc committee

a committee created for a specific short-term purpose

Executive Staff

Paid Professionals by a governing body

Constitution

Outline an organization's basic functions and principles

Bylaws

The internal rules of management adopted by a corporation at its first organizational meeting.

Planning Process

the series of steps businesses take to determine how they will achieve their goals: Mission Statement, Goals, Objectives, Tactics, Roles, and Evaluation

Types of Decisions and the Decision Process

routine (programmed), complex (unique)

SLEEP(E) Principle

social, legal, economic, ethical, political, educational impacts of a decision.

Rational Model

Identify REAL problem, identify decision objective, gather info, identify hurdles, brainstorm alternatives, narrow down options, examine pros and cons, make decision, evaluate decision

Strategic Management

The process of planning, controlling, and organizing an organization or department. Usually Short Term.

strategic decision making

Forecasting the environment and the effects of a particular decision in the acquisition of long-term goals

5 P's- Planning, Purpose, Ploy, Position, Perspective

Why is strategy important to managing and decision making in sport organizations?

Plans and actions for achieving goals efficiently and effectively

Tactics and specific steps for implementing a strategy

policy

a broad guideline or procedure followed to meet organizational objectives

Why are policies important to studying governance in sport organizations?

provides a framework for enabling decisions and a common direction for all facets of the organization.

Case Method Analysis

finance, human resources, facility use and control, equipment, travel, public relations, promotions, risk-related issues

The link between strategic management activities and policy development.

Promotes fair decisions supported by reasonable rationales and consistency in solving problems

Links an orgs mission statement and management strategy to its operation

Provides a systematic framework that aids decision-making and communication

Sport Ethics

The understanding and evaluation of moral values inherent in sports, and the understanding of the contribution render to societal moral values.

Ethical Decision Making

Identify the problem, gather information, explore codes of conduct and your own beliefs, make the best decision possible, and evaluate your decision over time

corporate social responsibility

The integration of social and environmental concerns into the decision making of the organization.

Stakeholders Impacts for CSR

Economic, Legal, Ethical, and Philanthropic levels of social responsibility in organizational decisions

code of ethics

a formal statement of ethical principles and rules of conduct

Governors of Amaetur Sport

Public and Non-Profit organizations

non-profit organization

A business whose goal is to provide a service rather than to make a profit, such as the YMCA.

for-profit

A business or organization established to generate a profit from services offered.

Fundraising Solutions

Identifying Funding Sources, Soliciting Donations and Sponsorships, and Servicing and maintaining donor relationships

Female Inactivity solutions

Lack of Media Coverage on Female Athletes, Need for quality programming for young girls, Decreased funding for Female Athletes

Parental Involvement Solutions

Spectator codes of conduct

and Parental Contracts for Acceptable behaviors by parents

Solutions for Violence

Define violent behavior and conduct in sports.

Solutions for Youth Sports

Hire trained coaches with proper background checks

City Parks and Rec Departments

-Mission: To provide opportunities for leisure-time activities, learning, and playing in a safe environment

-Membership: Open to all residents of a city

-Financials: Funded largely by residents' taxes

-Organizational structure: A city department

Recreational Sport Leagues

Mission:

Reflect what sport is delivered and to whom

Stress fair play, respect, and ethical conduct

Financials:

Municipal funding sources supplemented by participants' league fees

Administrators' salaries may be paid through municipal departments

Costs of facilities borne by the community

Membership: Community members interested in a particular sport or activity

Organizational structure:

Elected officers govern league activities

Elected members of executive committee debate issues and develop policy

Officers and sports committees chairs are voluntary positions

State and Provincial Games

Mission: To deliver well-organized amateur sport competition for athletes of various ages in the region

Financials: Funded by public and private sources, entry fees, and monies from sponsors and marketing

Membership: Mostly participants and volunteers for the event

Organizational structure:

Paid professional staff and volunteer group who function as a board of directors to organize the event

No group of individual members outside the event

YMCA

Mission: "We build strong kids, strong families and strong communities"

Financials: Local YMCAs pay dues to national associations.

Revenues from program fees, memberships, charitable contributions, resident camping and living, and government sources.

Membership: Community members in neighborhoods or towns across the United States.

Organizational structure: Volunteers and professional full-time paid staff help set policy.

Volunteer Boards of Directors steered by an Executive Committee.

Other committees work on specific programs

Boys and Girls Club

Mission: To provide the following:

To grant Children a safe place to learn and grow.

Financials: Funding from membership dues, private donations, corporate funding, and community partnerships

Membership: More than 3 million boys and girls participated in programs at more than 3,000 clubs in the United States.

Organizational structure:

Small professional staff and many volunteers

Volunteer elected board of directors

National association members responsible for developing policy (i.e.,

Community Groups

Mission: To deliver a particular activity by providing facilities and related services

Financials: Funded by participant membership fees, sponsorship, other fundraising, and grants

Membership: Community members interested in a particular sport or activity

Organizing structure:

Run by volunteers

Can be loosely configured or highly structured depending on size

Sport Industry

Divided into multitude of segments, youth sport, interscholastic sport, intercollegiate sport, Olympic sport, professional sport, sport manufacturing, sport retailing, sport consulting, sport marketing, sport merchandising, facility management & others.

Purpose of Management

Establishes objectives, maintain balance with stakeholders while taking into consideration their conflicting objectives, achieving efficiency and effectiveness by optimizing resources when pursuing goals

Leaders

people who influence the attitudes and opinions of others to influence and effect results

Managers

The people responsible for supervising the use of an organization's resources to meet its goals

autocratic leadership

leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others

task leadership

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

servant leadership

a leader who has a strong desire to serve and work for the benefit of others

Transactional Leadership

leadership based on an exchange process in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

Transformational Leadership

leadership that, enabled by a leader's vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence

strength based leadership

Focuses on the development or empowerment of worker's strengths

organization

An entity that allows two or more people to work together more effectively.

Organizational Behavior

A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.

Organizational Theory

The study of human behavior in business environments to find why humans behave in certain ways when in different professional groups and settings

organizational culture

the set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization

Governance

The way in which a country is governed or a company or institution is controlled

Elements of governance

Defining policies, rules, boundaries and strategy

Organizational Design

The process by which managers make specific organizing choices that result in a particular kind of organizational structure.

structural elements of governance

Complexity, departmentalization, formalization, centralization, work specialization

Mission

a statement or vision of an organization's function in society

strategy

a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.

structure

rules and regulations in place that need to be followed.

Managerial Characteristics

-Manager's value system

-Confidence in subordinates

-Personal inclinations

-Feelings of security

Management

The process of accomplishing the goals of an organization through the effective use of people and other resources.

public sector

the part of an economy that is controlled by the government.

main functions of management

establish objectives, maintain balance among shareholders, achieve efficiency and effectiveness.

Organizing

Managers establish internal organization structure of the organization, focusing on division, coordination, and control of tasks and flow of information within the organization.

Staffing

A management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company's objectives.

Directing

motivating and leading employees to achieve organizational objectives.

Controlling

Establish performance standards based on firms objectives, measure and report actual performance, compare the two, take corrective and preventive action as necessary.

Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

A theory that states that the most important aspect in leadership is the follower's expectation that a task can be accomplished and that it will lead to rewards.

policy-based management

administrative approach to simplify business operations by establishing a way to deal with situations are likely to occur

public policy

Political decisions for implementing a program or the sum of governing body activities, whether acting directly or indirectly through agents to influence the lives of civilians.

strategic policy

Involves analyzing, identifying, and defining tasks to be performed. Results in logical order of work and putting individuals to cooperate efficiently and effectively by following organizational structure.

Policy Analysis Process

1. Define and analyze the problem

2. Construct policy alternatives

3. Develop evaluative criteria

4. Assess the alternatives

5. Draw conclusions

Policy Development

inform, educate, empower

mobilize community partnerships

develop policies

policy statement

A general statement about the directions in which an agency intends to proceed with respect to its rule-making or enforcement activities; has no binding impact on anyone.

Formal Policy

Outline of codes, regulations, or decisions bearing legal authority

informal policy

Might be an ad hoc, general, unwritten but widely recognized practice or understanding within an organization that a course of action is to be followed. Even though this policy may not be made explicit in writing it still exists in practice.

Substantive Policy

A policy that explains how the government will go about its policy goals in a particular area.

procedural policy

A policy that determines how a governing body goes about procedure in process-- the way it goes about its work- are to be governed.

Material Policy

A policy that provides or denies tangible resources or substantive power to those at whom it is directed.

Symbolic Policy

A policy that expresses desired values but has little if any material impact on people.

distributive policy

A public policy such as Social Security that provides benefits to all groups in society (or groups of an organization in the case of sports governance).

Regulatory Policy

policy that results in governing control over individuals and businesses, dictating rules and behavior.

Re-distributive Policy

a policy that provides to one group of society while taking away benefits from another through policy solutions.

Official Actors

a participant in the policy process whose involvement is motivated or mandated by his or her official position in a government agency or office

Unofficial Actors

the individuals and organizations in the policy process that do not have a constitutionally defined role in creating policy, but rather a civic duty.

Technical Policy Design

Policy goals, casual models, policy targets and policy documents

Political Elements

Governing bodies influence the choices made for each element

Policy development process

1. Identify an issue or problem

2. Research and analyse business environments

3. Consult stakeholders

4. Develop a draft policy for review by stakeholders

5. Revise the policy

6. Approve and distribute the new policy

7. Monitor and evaluate the policy

Implementing Policy

Authoritative Techniques: direct or restrains peoples actions to promote fairness and safety. Admin has authority to issue rules, set standards, and monitor compliance

Capacity Techniques: Provides employees with skills to undertake activities through training and providing resources

Hortatory Techniques: Encourage people to comply with policy

Implementation Techniques: Using authority, capacity or incentives to implement policies

Incentive Techniques: Reward employees for excellent performance

policy evaluation

The process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals.

policies and procedures manual

Outlines a governing body's guidelines for employees and independent contractors that clarify direction, reduce confusion, and provide specific parameters for everyone to follow

Pros of Planning

Provides a guide for action

Improves resource utilization

Provide motivation and commitment

Set performance standards

Allows flexibility

cons of planning

Impedes change and prevents or slows adaptation

Creates a false sense of certainty

Detachment of planners

planning process steps

Determine what the organization is missing, establish goals and objectives, developing premesis, formulate strategies, implement strategies, and evaulate the plan.

Characteristics of an Objective

They describe future desired results toward which present efforts are directed

Characteristics of a Goal

Provides general direction for the organization, written as broad statements and qualitative in nature

Ways to Survey Employees

Demographic data

User participation patterns

Attitudes of employees

Barriers to participation

Appraisal of existing facilities and programs

Health hazard appraisal

Areas of improvement

functional planning

a decision process that concentrates on developing detailed plans for strategies and tactics for the short term, supporting an organization's long-term strategic plan

Plan Classification

Short range

Long range

Standing

Single-use (Budget, Programs, Projects)

Strategic