Unit 3 Vocabulary RHS-APHG 21-22

architecture

the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings; building design and materials will vary based upon culture and location.

culture trait

A single element of normal practice in a culture.

cultural relativism

the practice of judging a society by its own standards.

Ethnocentrism

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

linguistic

relating to language

sequent occupance

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place

traditional architecture

buildings use building materials available and reflect social/environmental customs of the people EX) log cabins

Postmodern Architecture

A reaction in architectural design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture. Postmodernism uses older

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

gender

the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female

Ethnic Neighborhood *enclave

a voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice

indigenous community

is the community of indigenous people living together working to keep their culture alive

sense of place

Feelings are evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place.

Placemaking

The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community's quality of life.

Centripetal Force

the forces that unite people and countries

centrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid spread of an. idea/trait/concept through a group of people

Hierarchical Diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle

Creolization

A language resulting from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

lingua franca

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Colonialism

the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over

Imperialism

domination by one country of the political

trade

Exchange of goods and services

Urbanization

the growth of cities

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

time-space convergence/compression

with increasing/evolving technology

cultural convergence

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.

cultural divergence

the restriction of a culture from outside influences

language family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

Language Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary

Cultural Hearth

a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward

Indo-European language family

Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by 50% of the world's people

Toponym

the name given to a place on Earth

Universalizing Religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed stresses belief in one God (Allah) and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Buddhism

a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha that developed in India in the 500s BC

Sikhism

a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak.

ethnic religion

religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts

Judaism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India

Acculturation

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

Assimilation

the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture

Syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith

Multiculturalism

a condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life

Artifacts

objects created by and used by humans

Sacred Space

An area that has special religious significance or meaning that makes it worthy of reverence or devotion.

Popular Culture

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population