ROTC

Field Craft

– The knowledge and practical skills needed to live, travel, and operate effectively in the outdoors or in combat zones.

Survival

– The ability to stay alive in harsh conditions with limited resources until rescue or return to safety.

Survival Situations

– Unexpected dangerous or life-threatening events such as air crashes, shipwrecks, lost patrols, being cut off from the unit, crash landings, or natural disasters.

• Size up the situation – Observe surroundings carefully before acting.

• Use all senses – Sight, smell, hearing, touch to detect danger and resources.

• Remember where you are – Maintain orientation to avoid getting lost.

• Vanquish fear and panic – Stay calm and think clearly.

• Improvise – Use available materials for shelter, food, tools.

• Value living – Keep a positive mindset.

• Act like natives – Adapt to the environment.

• Learn basic skills – Practice fire making, first aid, signaling.

Survival Guidelines (S.U.R.V.I.V.A.L.)

• Water

• Food

• Shelter

• Fire

• Traps & Snares

Basic Needs for Survival

Water

– Essential for life; can be obtained from bamboo, vines, banana core. Must be purified by boiling or purification tablets to prevent diseases.

Food

– Sustains energy. Edible plants include bamboo shoots, banana, gabi, tamarind, lotus, madre cacao. Animals such as mollusks, birds, reptiles, fish, and eggs are good protein sources.

Shelter

– Protection from weather and danger. Common improvised shelters: lean-to, poncho lean-to, caves, natural cover.

Fire

– Used for warmth, cooking food, sterilizing water, protection, and signaling for help. 

traps & Snares

– Used to catch animals for food (e.g., deadfalls, hanging snare, drag noose, taay net)

• Treat wounds early to avoid infection.

• Immobilize fractures to prevent further injury.

• Stay alert to snakes, insects, and poisonous plants.

• Conserve energy and avoid panic.

Basic Survival First Aid

1. Economic & Religious Resistance – Uprisings against forced labor, heavy taxes, and religious abuses.

2. Personal Grievances – Revolts caused by personal injustices or issues with authorities.

3. Nationalistic Revolts – Movements aimed to achieve national independence.

Philippine Military History

(June 12, 1898)

– Proclamation of Philippine independence.

• (Dec. 10, 1898)

– Spain ceded the Philippines to the U.S.

• (1899)

– Armed conflict against American colonization.

– Heroic last stand of Gen. Gregorio del Pilar.

– A major resistance against U.S. forces.

– Invasion by Japan; Filipinos and Americans defended Bataan and Corregidor. Liberation & Hukbalahap

– Resistance and eventual freedom from Japanese forces

Spanish Period

– Military training in colleges such as and .

1912

– First formal ROTC unit at .

1935

– Mandatory ROTC established by Commonwealth Act No. 1.

Today

– ROTC builds discipline, leadership, and national service awareness.

Infantry

refers to soldiers trained, equipped, and organized to fight on foot, forming the backbone of land forces.

Mission of Infantry Units

Engage the enemy, defeat or repel attacks, and seize or secure terrain. Support national defense and military operations.

• Capabilities Operate in all terrains and weather – Flexible in different battlefields.

• Seize and hold key terrain – Take and maintain control of strategic areas.

• perimeter security – Protect key assets, bases, or people.

• infiltration and urban operations – Move behind enemy lines and fight in cities.

• Coordination with support – Work with armor, artillery, and air support.

capabilities in infantry

Dependence on headquarters for:

• Logistics (supplies and equipment)

• Transportation (vehicles, aircraft, ships)

• Medical support (casualty evacuation and treatment)

• Communication systems (radios, command)

• Fire support (artillery, air strikes)

Limitations of infrantry

• Effective in restricted terrain such as forests or urban areas.

• Highly mobile and can adapt to combat situations.

• Strong endurance and discipline are required. 

Employment Strength infrantry

First Aid

– The immediate and temporary care given to a person suffering from injury or sudden illness until professional help is available.

Basic Life Support (BLS)

– Emergency procedures such as CPR to maintain breathing and circulation.

1. Stop bleeding – Apply pressure, bandage, or tourniquet.

2. protect wound – Clean the wound and cover with sterile dressing.

3. . Prevent/Treat shock – Lay the patient flat, elevate legs, keep warm.

4. Restore breathing – Give CPR or artificial respiration.

Four Life-Saving Steps

Abrasion

– Scrape or rubbing away of the skin’s surface.

Incised Wound

– A clean, straight cut made by a sharp object.

Lacerated Wound

– A torn, irregular wound caused by blunt force.

Puncture Wound

– A deep, narrow wound from sharp objects like nails or bullets.

Avulsion

– A severe wound where tissue is torn away from the body.

Tourniquet

– A tight band used only to stop life-threatening bleeding on limbs

• Simple (Closed)

– Bone breaks but skin remains intact.

• Compound (Open)

– Bone pierces the skin; high risk of infection.

Mouth-to-mouth

– Most common method for rescue breathing.

Chest pressure and Back pressure–arm lift

– Older methods used when mouthto-mouth is not possible.

immobilize limb, do not cut or suck, seek medical help

Snake Bites:

Begin CPR immediately.

Drowning:

Identify poison; do not induce vomiting unless advised.

Poisoning:

Cool with water, cover with clean cloth.

Burns:

Move casualty carefully to prevent further injury.

Evacuation:

AFP Mandate

Civilian authority is supreme over the military.

AFP (Armed Forces of the Philippines)

is the protector of the people and the state.

• Defend national territory against foreign and domestic enemies. • Support the Constitution and government. • Organize, train, and maintain both regular and reserve forces. • Perform other functions required by law.

Functions AFP Mandate

General Headquarters, central command.

GHQ –

(PA) Philippine Army-

Ground forces

(PAF) Philippine Air Force

– Air defense and operations

(PN) –

Naval defense and maritime security

Area Commands

– Regional AFP commands across the country.

AFPWSSUs

– AFP-wide Support and Separate Units.

Army

Service Missions: Organize, train, equip, deploy, and sustain ground forces.

Air Force

Service Missions::Conduct prompt and sustained air operations

Navy

Service Missions::Service Missions::

President

AFP Leadership – Commander-in-Chief of the AFP.

AFP Leadership – Secretary of National Defense (SND) – Civilian adviser on defense and security. Chief of Staff, AFP – Principal military adviser and commander of AFP.

Chief of Staff, AFP – Principal military adviser and commander of AFP.

Honor, Loyalty, Valor, Duty, Solidarity

Core Value

Honor

– Doing what is right and showing good character.

Loyalty

– Being faithful to your country and comrades.

Valor

– Having courage to face challenges.

Duty

– Fulfilling your responsibilities with dedication.

Solidarity

– Working together in unity and cooperation.

Squad, Platoon, Company, Battalion Drills** – Progressively larger formations for coordination. • Command:** Oral order of a leader

Types of Drills:

• Two-part commands:

Attention, Parade Rest, Stand at Ease, At Ease, Rest Salute, Eyes Right/Left, Facing Movements Marching Movements:

Basic Positions:

1. Do not blame the boss. Support decisions even if unpopular.

2. Do not fight the boss publicly. Discuss disagreements privately.

3. Use initiative. Act and inform later; avoid waiting for every order.

4. Accept responsibility. Volunteer, take risks, and be accountable.

5. Tell the truth; do not quibble. Always provide honest reports.

6. Do your homework. Be informed before making suggestions.

7. Suggest implementation. Offer practical, realistic solutions.

8. Keep the boss informed. Maintain open, honest communication.

9. Fix problems as they occur. Be proactive, not reactive.

10. Put in an honest day’s work. Stay committed and productive.

Followership

Essence

- A good follower shows integrity, responsibility, and initiative qualities that also define effective leaders.

1 Squad Leader (SL)

2 Team Leaders (Alpha & Bravo)

2 Automatic Riflemen (AR)

2 Riflemen ®

2 Grenadiers (G)

Organization: • 9 Members:

SQUAD LEADER

– Controls the movement and fires of the squad. THEY trains the squad and manages its administrative and logistical needs.

TEAM LEADER

– Leads and controls the movement and fires of their four-person team. They lead by example and assist the squad leader

Grenadier-

Armed with an M4 rifle and an M320A1 grenade launcher, providing area suppression.

Automatic Rifleman-

Armed with an M250 automatic rifle (or similar Squad Automatic Weapon) to provide suppressive fire.

Rifleman-

Carries an M4 rifle and provides additional firepower.

Health-

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Hygiene-

Science of maintaining health.

Personal Hygiene-

Measures to preserve one’s own health.

Sanitation-

Practices to prevent disease and promote health

• Proper waste disposal and mess sanitation.

• Clean quarters and proper ventilation.

• Safe food and water supply.

• Regular exercise and hygiene discipline

Military Responsibilities

Cyber Security Awareness

Protection of networks, systems, and data from unauthorized access, attack, or damage.

Prevention

– Block attacks.

Detection

– Identify breaches. * R

recovery

– Contain and repair damage.

Phishing

– Fake emails/websites to steal data.

Social Engineering

– Manipulating people to reveal information.

Password Attacks

– Brute-force or credential theft. *

. White Hat

– Ethical hackers. 2.

Grey Hat –

Unauthorized BUT NOT HACKER

1. Treat all guns as loaded.

2. Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire.

3. Never point the muzzle at anything you don’t intend to shoot.

4. Be sure of your target and what’s around it.

GUN ESSESTIAL

M16A1

rifle is a lightweight, air-cooled, gas-operated, magazine-fed, shoulder weapon used by the U.S. military.

NATO 7.62mm

: The M14 rifle is a U.S. battle rifle that uses the ________ round. It evolved from the M1 Garand and features a 20-round detachable magazine.

Upper Receiver Group

– Houses the bolt carrier and charging handle.