levels of disease prevention

● Earliest prevention modality

● Risk factor reduction targeted towards an entire population

● Prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared

● It consists of actions and measures that inhibit the emergence and establishment of environmental, economic, social and behavioral conditions, cultural patterns of living known to increase risk of disease

● Has to start in childhood when health risk behavior begins

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Earliest prevention modality

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Risk factor reduction targeted towards an entire population

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not yet appeared

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● It consists of actions and measures that inhibit the emergence and establishment of environmental, economic, social and behavioral conditions, cultural patterns of living known to increase risk of disease

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Has to start in childhood when health risk behavior begins

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● “Prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts”- APTA

● Action taken to prevent disease before it arises in people who feel well

PRIMARY PREVENTION

● “Efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention” - APTA

SECONDARY PREVENTION

● “Efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible diseases” – APTA

TERTIARY PREVENTION

● An action taken to protect individuals (persons/patients) from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good

QUATERNARY PREVENTION

● Focus: social and environmental conditions

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Target Population: Healthy people

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Agencies & Approach: government & population health agencies → health promotion, social programs, legislative and fiscal measures, intervention and mass education

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

● Main Goal: promotion of healthy and disease-free individual and community; to decrease incidence of disease

PRIMARY PREVENTION

● Consist of:

○ ➢ Counselling

○ ➢ Education

○ ➢ Adoption of specific health practices

■ Change in life style

PRIMARY PREVENTION

● Example: immunization

PRIMARY PREVENTION

● Main Goal: Early detection of diseases to prevent its progression; to reduce disease morbidity & mortality (for non-infectious diseases) and spread (for infectious diseases)

SECONDARY PREVENTION

● Consist of:

○ ➢ Organized procedures

○ ➢ Direct screening efforts

○ ➢ Education of the public

SECONDARY PREVENTION

● Example: screening

SECONDARY PREVENTION

● “Efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible diseases” – APTA

TERTIARY PREVENTION

● Main Goal: Minimize residual disability and helping the client learn and live productively with limitations; reduce progression of disease, improve physical functioning, and QOL

TERTIARY PREVENTION

● Consist of:

○ Medications

○ Therapeutic exercises and/or other activities

○ Regular monitoring and health supervision

TERTIARY PREVENTION

● GOAL: reduce overmedicalization (overdiagnosis/overtreatment) and iatrogenic harm

QUATERNARY PREVENTION