Genetic variation in populations (aka population genetics)

What are the four forces of evolution?

Random Mutation, Genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection

What is the Hardy- Weinberg formula?

(p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

What is the P in the hardy-weinberg formula?

Frequency of A allele

What is the Q in the hardy-weinberg formula?

frequency of a allele

What is the P² in the hardy-weinberg formula?

Frequency of AA

What is the 2pq in the hardy-weinberg formula?

Frequency of Aa

What is the Q² in the hardy-weinberg formula?

Frequency of aa

What is stratification?

Subgroups in population that have remained genetically separate

What is assortative mating?

Chose mate because the mate has similar phenotype

What is consanguinity?

Increased frequency of recessive disorders by mating with carriers of the recessive disorder

What is the most common source of stratification?

Geography

What is fitness?

Number of offspring individual with given phenotype contributes to the next generation

What is selection?

Determines whether a mutation is eliminated, becomes stable, or increases

What is an important factor for altering allele frequencies for monogenic disease?

Selection

What is the founder effect?

High frequency of disease causing allele in a population founded by small ancestral group

What is an example of the founder effect?

Tay-Sachs in Jews