media case studies

Boyle

a key feature of new media is technological convergence merging discincit techs into one- e.g. a smart phone which as notes, calucater, camera, etc on it negating the need to carry round those physcial items.

Helper (2011)

the use of internet has increased slower than other groups in the digital underclass +those with access rate their digital skills as poorer than more educated groups.

Boyle (2007)

new media is associated with young people.

Ofcom

older people are using social networking sites more now than in the past.

Borins (2008)

There are three siginfcaet changes in traditional media as new media’s influnce is now more notable:

• Citizen journalism is a part of the news cycle, using it a way to find content.

• Newspapers are held accountable (e.g. with the BBC being held accountable for they report about Israel’s bombing of Gaza).

• News values has changed from a professional and formal tone to a ‘non-professioanl’ content as it’s the only way to gain audiences and make a profit.

Li and Kirkup (2007)

Men are more likely to use email or chatrooms; also more likely to play video games on consoles e.g. the Xbox.

Royse et al (2007)

Women are more likely to play games that allow them to challenge gender norms.

OFCOM (2015)

Men are more likely to access the internet.

Olsen et al (2008)

Men are more likely to play video games as they want to express fantasies of power and glory with many using it as a chance to work out their anger and stress.

Hartmann and Klimmt (2006)

Women dislike the violent content and preferred the social interaction side of games e.g. Sims or animal crossing.

OFCOM (2015)

women are more likely to use social networking sites.

The Internet Advertising Bureau (2014)

state that because of the rise in smartphones, women account for 52% of all gamers because of games like Candy Crush and Angry Birds that the tech of smartphones enable to exist. More appealing to women because they were free (women generally get paid less), intuitive and accessible.

Curram and Leaton (2003)

There are 2 views of new media:

1- neophillias: believe that new media is beneficial and positive

2-Cultural pessimists: those who believe that the benefits new media has, are overexgarted.

Curran and Heaton (2003)

there are 2 views on new media:

1- neophiliacs: those who are positive about new media.

2-cultural pessimists: those who believe that the benefits of new media are over-emphazised.

Herbert Marcuse

‘Bread and Circuses’:

media ownership controls the working class though a bread and circuses approach where media produces dumbed down enterminet; keeps us fed to distract us from our expolitan.

e.g. the hunger games

millibard (1973)

ownership

media directly manipulates the way we think about the world; spreads dominat ideagoloy as the truth, playing a intentional role.

IRL ex: Rupert Murdoch controlled editors and journalists and the content to enforce the ruling class and status quo.

also agrees that content produced ridicules or ignores threating groups (e.g. liberals and leftists mocked in mainstream media)

Castles and Kosack

media suits the ruling classes and portays the ethnic groups as threats (reform uk) to take attention away from the ruling classes’s failings to distract; thus, divide and conquer.

Also believes that audiences only recivers a narrow range of ‘approved’ views

Bagdikian (2014)

In the US, media is controlled by 6 companies- if all those businesses in the big ones had owners there’d be 25,000.

Disney: ABC+ Pixar

Warner Brothers (CNN+HBO)

Media Reform Coalition (2023)

3 companies (News UK, DMG Media, Reach PLC) control 90% of the UK newspaper market- hasn't changed since 2018.

Over 50% of national UK papers sold are controlled by 2 billionaires (Rupert Murdoch and Jonathan Harmsworth 4th viscount of Rothermore).

Cornford and Robins (1999)- commercialisation

Companies that sell goods engage in consumer surveillance (cookies) as they monitor and track consumers so they can target future audiences. THIS encourages us to become materialistic and promotes consumerism. ALSO creates false needs- marxist belief- as we’re told what we need securing captialsitm domination.

Cornford and Robbins (1999)- cultural pessimists

The relationship between new and tradadtional media is like old Hollywood movies and remakes. New media is isn’t new, the speed by which news can travel (people find out about major global news via social media e.g. Pope Francis’s death) and quality is better.

Interactivy has always existed e.g. agony aunt pages where people could complain existed before new media.

New media is just a extention and refinement of traditional media.