Unit 12: The law and crime

proof

(n) /pruːf/ bằng chứng, chứng cứ (sự thật, chắc chắn)

We need solid proof before making an accusation

evidence

(n) /ˈevɪdəns/ bằng chứng, manh mối ( cần xác thực lại)

There’s no evidence to support his claim

rule

(n) /ruːl/ quy tắc, điều luật

It’s against the school rule to use phones in class

law

(n) luật pháp

Everyone must obey the law

justice

(n) /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ công lý, sự công bằng

They fought for freedom and justice

right

(n) quyền, điều đúng đắn

Everyone has the right to speak freely

vandal

(n) /ˈvændl/ kẻ phá hoại

The vandal broke all the windows last night

hooligan

(n) /ˈhuːlɪɡən/ du côn, kẻ gây rối

Football hooligans damaged the stadium seats

suspect

(n/v) /ˈsʌspekt/ nghi phạm;  nghi ngờ /səˈspekt/

The police arrested the main suspect

arrest

(v) bắt giữ

He was arrested for stealing a car

charge

(v/n) /tʃɑːdʒ/ buộc tội, cáo buộc

They charged him with robbery

judge

(n/v) thẩm phán, đánh giá

The judge sentenced him to five years in prison

jury

(n)/ˈdʒʊəri/ ban bồi thẩm

The jury found the defendant guilty

sentence

(v/n) /ˈsentəns/ kết án, bản án

He was sentenced to ten years in jail

imprison

(v) /ɪmˈprɪzən/ bỏ tù, giam cầm

They imprisoned the thief for three years

prosecute

(v) /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/ truy tố

He was prosecuted for fraud

persecute

(v) /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/ ngược đãi, hành hạ

They were persecuted for their beliefs

innocent

(adj) /ˈɪnəsnt/ vô tội

She was found innocent by the court

guilty

(adj) /ˈɡɪlti/ có tội

The jury decided he was guilty

decision

(n) quyết định

The court’s decision was final

verdict

(n) /ˈvɜːdɪkt/ phán quyết

The jury announced their verdict

capital punishment

(n) /ˈkæpɪtl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ án tử hình

Some countries still have capital punishment

corporal punishment

(n) /ˈkɔːpərəl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ hình phạt thể xác

Corporal punishment is banned in schools

witness

(n/v) nhân chứng, chứng kiến

She was a witness to the accident

bystander

(n) /ˈbaɪstændər/ người đứng xem

A bystander called the police immediately

commit

(v) phạm (tội); cam kết

He committed a serious crime

break

(v) vi phạm

He broke the law by driving without a license

burglar

(n) /ˈbɜːɡlə(r)/ kẻ trộm đêm

A burglar broke into our house last night

thief

(n) /θiːf/ kẻ trộm

The thief stole my phone

lawyer

(n) luật sư

Her lawyer helped her win the case

solicitor

(n) /səˈlɪsɪtə(r)/ cố vấn pháp lý, luật sư tư vấn

She works as a solicitor in London

back down

(v) nhượng bộ, rút lui

He refused to back down from his argument

break out

(v) trốn thoát (khỏi tù); nổ ra, bùng phát

The prisoners broke out last night.

A fire broke out in the kitchen

bring in

(v) giới thiệu, ban hành (luật mới)

The government brought in a new law on safety

chase after

(v) đuổi theo

The police chased after the suspect

come forward

(v) ra trình báo, ra làm chứng

Two witnesses came forward to help

get away with

(v) thoát tội

He got away with cheating on the exam

go off

(v) nổ (bom, súng), reo (chuông); thức ăn (bị hỏng); hết thích

The bomb went off in the market

The milk has gone off; don’t drink it.

I went off that TV show after the second season.

hand in

(v) nộp (tài liệu, bài làm)

Please hand in your report by Monday

hold up

(v) cướp có vũ trang

The gang held up the bank yesterday

let off

(v) tha, miễn phạt

The police let him off with a warning

look into

(v) điều tra

The police are looking into the robbery

make off

(v) bỏ trốn, chạy trốn, tẩu thoát

The thieves made off with the money

take down

(v) ghi chép, hạ xuống

The officer took down his statement

take in

(v) lừa dối, tiếp thu

She was taken in by his lies

accuse

(v) /əˈkjuːz/ buộc tội

They accused him of stealing

accused

(n) bị cáo

The accused stood silently in court

accusation

(n) /ˌækjuˈzeɪʃən/ lời buộc tội

He denied the accusation completely

addict

(n) /ˈædɪkt/ người nghiện

He’s a drug addict

addicted

(adj) /əˈdɪktɪd/ nghiện

She’s addicted to coffee

addictive

(adj) /əˈdɪktɪv/ gây nghiện

This game is highly addictive

addiction

(n) sự nghiện

He is fighting his alcohol addiction

convict

(v/n) /kənˈvɪkt/ kết án, người bị kết án

The convict escaped from prison

convicted

(adj) /kənˈvɪktɪd/ bị kết án

He is a convicted criminal

conviction

(n) /kənˈvɪkʃən/ sự kết án

She has a previous conviction for theft

crime

(n) /kraɪm/ hành vi phạm tội

Crime rates have fallen this year

criminal

(n/adj) /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/ tội phạm, phạm tội

The criminal was caught by the police

evident

(adj) /ˈevɪdənt/ rõ ràng

It’s evident that he is lying

evidently

(adv) rõ ràng, hiển nhiên

He was evidently shocked by the news

forge

(v) /fɔːdʒ/ làm giả, giả mạo

He tried to forge a signature

forgery

(n) /ˈfɔːdʒəri/ sự làm giả

The document was a forgery

forger

(n) /ˈfɔːdʒə(r)/ kẻ giả mạo

The police caught the forger

honest

(adj) trung thực

She’s always honest with her friends

dishonest

(adj) không trung thực

He was fired for being dishonest

(dis)honesty

(n) tính trung thực/không trung thực

Honesty is an important quality

Dishonesty can destroy trust.

(dis)honestly

(adv) một cách trung thực/không trung thực

He answered the question honestly

He acted dishonestly to win.

investigate

(v) điều tra

The police are investigating the murder

investigative

(adj) /ɪnˈvestɪɡətɪv/ có tính điều tra

He works as an investigative journalist

investigation

(n) cuộc điều tra

The investigation took months to complete

investigator

(n) /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtə(r)/ điều tra viên

The investigator questioned the suspect

(un)lawful

(adj) hợp pháp/bất hợp pháp

The action was completely lawful.

Unlawful actions will be punished.

murder

(n/v) /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ vụ giết người, giết

He was charged with murder

murderer

(n) /ˈmɜːdərə(r)/ kẻ giết người

The murderer was caught after ten years

offence

(n) /əˈfens/ sự xúc phạm; sự phạm tội

Speeding is a minor offence

offensive

(adj) /əˈfensɪv/ xúc phạm, phản cảm

That joke was very offensive

offend

(v) /əˈfend/ xúc phạm, phạm tội

He didn’t mean to offend you

offender

(n) /əˈfendə(r)/ người phạm tội

First-time offenders often get lighter sentences

prison

(n) nhà tù

He spent five years in prison

prisoner

(n) tù nhân

The prisoner tried to escape

imprison(ed)

(v/adj) bỏ tù, bị giam

He was imprisoned for life

imprisonment

(n) sự bỏ tù

He faced ten years of imprisonment

prove

(v) chứng minh

He tried to prove his innocence

(un)proven

(adj) đã/chưa được chứng minh

It’s a proven fact.

His theory remains unproven.

disprove

(v) bác bỏ, chứng minh sai

The scientist disproved the old theory

rob

(v) cướp

They robbed a bank last night

robbery

(n) /ˈrɒbəri/ vụ cướp

The police stopped a robbery in progress

robber

(n) tên cướp

The robber was caught by the police

secure

(adj/v) /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ an toàn, đảm bảo

Make sure the door is secure

insecure

(adj) /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə(r)/ bất an, không an toàn

He feels insecure about his job

security

(n) /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ an ninh, sự an toàn

Airport security is very strict

insecurity

(n) sự bất an

She suffers from feelings of insecurity

theft

(n) /θeft/ vụ trộm

He was arrested for car theft

keep up

(v) theo kịp

She walks so fast I can’t keep up

choir

(n) /kwaɪər/ dàn hợp xướng

The school choir sang beautifully

flop

(v) thất bại

The movie was a total flop

gang of burglars

(n) băng trộm

The police arrested a gang of burglars

childish

(adj) /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/ trẻ con

Don’t be so childish

jungle

(n) /ˈdʒʌŋɡl/ rừng rậm

They got lost in the jungle

come out

(v) xuất hiện, ra mắt

Her new book will come out next month

Tim can’t come out because he has a lot of work to do

credit

(n) tín dụng, công nhận

She got credit for her hard work