English Language History: Old English, Norman Conquest, and Literary Traditions
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42 Terms
How long has the English language been in use?
About 1,400-1,500 years
What language did the Anglo-Saxons speak?
Old English
During what dates was this language spoken?
c. 450-1150 AD
How did the language come to England?
Brought by Anglo-Saxon settlers (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) in the 5th century
What historical event happened in 1066 to change the language?
The Norman Conquest
What does lexical mean?
Relating to the words or vocabulary of a language
In what year was the King James version of the Bible published?
1611
What is creole?
A stable new language formed from a mix of different languages
What is pidgin?
A simple language for communication between people without a common language
What does neo-logism mean?
A newly coined word or expression
Who claimed that England and the United States are two lands "separated by a common language"?
George Bernard Shaw
Who were the early inhabitants of Britain?
The Celts/Britons
How does one explain Latin language influence in Britain?
Romans ruled Britain and introduced Latin
Who were the first Germanic invaders in 449?
The Jutes
What two groups followed the jutes
Angles and Saxons
Where did the Britons/Celts retreat to?
Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany
What caused the Anglo-Saxons to organize themselves?
Threats from invaders like Danes/Vikings
What leader is credited with uniting his people to repel the Danes?
King Alfred the Great
Besides a common language, what three ideals did the Anglo-Saxons have in common?
Loyalty, bravery, and honor
What important qualities were leaders supposed to exhibit to their loyal followers?
Generosity
How did the Anglo-Saxon appreciation for Beauty manifest itself?
Decorative art, poetry, and illuminated manuscripts
Who is the first English religious poet?
Caedmon
In what year was the English church united with Roman Christianity?
597 AD
What impact did the church have on the separate kingdoms in Britain?
It helped unify the kingdoms
How were Anglo-Saxon poems shared?
Orally, recited or sung aloud
If poems were not written down, how were well-known poems shared?
Passed down by memory and recitation
What is a scop?
A poet or bard who recited poems
What poetic elements were needed for oral tradition?
Alliteration, rhythm, and repetition
What were two important traditions of Anglo-Saxon poetry?
Heroic tradition, elegiac (mourning) tradition
What is the most important single poem from the Anglo-Saxon period?
Beowulf
Who finally wrote down Anglo-Saxon poems?
Monks
Besides poetry, what other form of writing is attributed to the Anglo-Saxons?
History/Chronicles
Who was the Venerable Bede?
A monk, historian, and scholar
What did the Venerable Bede write?
The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
Who is regarded as the "father of English history"?
The Venerable Bede
What leader promoted the use of written English?
King Alfred the Great
What was the first historical record to be kept in English?
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Elegy
A contemplative poem that deals with death or morality
alliteration
repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
rhythm
the pattern of beats, created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
epic poem
A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds
epic hero
a figure of high social status who embodies the ideals of his people
Note 
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