BSC 2086: Lesson 7 (Circulatory System)

Cardiology is the __________

study of the heart and its disorders

What is the cardiovasulcar system made up of?

The heart and blood vessels

The function of the hear is to _______/

Pump blood through the vessels

Where do blood vessels deliver blood to?

Body tissues & return it to the heart

Arteries are vessels that carry blood __________

Away from the heart

veins are vessels that carry blood

Towards the heart

Capillaries are microscopic vessels that connect _________.

The smallest arteries & to the smallest veins

The circulatory system refers to __________>

Heart, vessels, and blood.

The two major divisions that make up the cardiovascular.

1. Pulmonary circuit

2. Systemic circuit

The pulmonary circuit is responsible for carrying _____________.

Blood to the lungs for gas exchange (CO2) & back to the heart

Which side of the heart is responsible for the pulmonary circuit?

The right side

The systemic circuit is responsible for supplying __________.

Supplies O2 blood to all tissues of the body and return it to the heart

Which side of the heart is responsible for the systemic circuit?

the left side

The major arteries & veins _____ & ______ the heart are called the __________ ________

Entering & leaving; great vessels

Where is the heart located?

Mediastinum (Base+Apex)

The base is the __________.

1. Wide

2. Superior portion of the heart

What attaches to the base of the heart?

Large vessels

The apex is the __________.

Inferior ends, tilts to the left

What are the characteristics that make up the heart

1. Weighs about 10 ounces

2. 3.5 in. wide at base

3. 5 in from base to apex

4. AT ANY AGE = the size of a fist

The heart is enclosed by the ________.

Pericardium (a double-walled sac)

What function does the pericardium have?

Allows heart to beat w/o friction = room to expand resists expansion

The pericardium anchored to ______ _______ & ________ _____

Diaphragm inferiorly; sternum & anteriorly

The structures of the pericardium consist of:

Fibrous pericardium

Serous Pericardium’

Pericardial cavity

Fibrous pericardium is the _______.

1. Outermost layer

2. Fibrous sac

Serous Pericardium ___________

1. Parietal layer (line fibrous pericardium)

2. Visceral layer (adheres to heart surface)

The pericardial cavity is the space _______

Between the visceral & parietal of serous pericardium (filled w/ pericardial)

Pericarditis is the _________.

Inflammation of the pericardium = friction rub

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

1. Epicardium

2. Endocardium

3. Myocardium

Visceral layer of serous pericardium is the ____________.

Epicardium

What are some characteristics that make up the endocardium?

1. Smooth inner lining of heart & blood vessels

2. Covers the valve surface & is continuous w/ endothelium blood vessels

What are the characteristics that make up the myocardium?

1. Layer of cardiac muscle, thickness is proportional to the workload

2. Vortex of the heart arrangement produces a wringing motion during contraction.

The vortex of the heart are ____________

Muscle spirals around the heart; arrangement produces wringing motion contraction

Fibrous skeleton are _______

1. Framework of collagenous & elastic fibers

2. Provides structural support & attachment for cardiac muscle

3. Electrical insulation between atria & ventricles (Important in timing & coordination of contractile activity)

The heart chambers are made up of __________.

1. Two atria (Right and Left atria)

2. Two ventricles

What are the characteristics that define the chambers of the heart

1. R&L Atria

2. Interatrial septum

3. Auricle

4. Thin flaccid walls

Two superior chambers that receive blood returning to the heart separate each other by __________.

Interatrial septum

An earlike flap that increases the chamber volume

Auricle (found in both right & left atria)

The walls of the ventricles are ____________

Thin, flaccid

Two inferior chambers eject blood into the arteries; separated by the ________

Interventricular septum

The left Ventricle is _____________ than the right ventricle

2-4x thicker

Explain why the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle

1. Due to the greater workload of pumping blood to the entire body

List the external features for the chambers of the heart

1. Boundaries marked by sulci (grooves)

2. Coronary sulcus

3. Anterior & posterior interventricular sulci

Separate atria above from ventricles below; encircles heart near base _________.

Coronary sulcus

Separates left and right ventricles; overlie interventricular septum and extend obliquely down the heart from the base to apex _________.

Anterior & posterior inverventricular sulci

Why are the valves essential for blood flow distribution?

They ensure one-way flow of blood through the heart

The fibrous flaps that cover the valves are called _________.

Cusps & leaflets

Control blood flow between atria & ventricles are the _________.

Atrioventricular valves

The __________ valve has 3 cusps

Tricuspid (Right AV Valve)

The ____________ valve has two cusps

(Mitral) Left AV

Strings of connective tissue that attach valve cusps to papillary muscles on the floor of ventricle.

Chordae tendinae (tendinous cords)

What functions do the chordae tendinae have?

Prevent AV valves from flipping or bulbing into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Control flow form the ventricles into great arteries are ____________

Semilunar valves

Controls the opening between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk are ______________.

Pulmonary valve

Controls the opening between the left ventricle and aorta

Aortic valve

List the process of how the valves work

1. During ventricular contraction & blood ejection, cusps pressed up against arterial walls

2. When ventricles relax, blood flows back toward the ventricles & fills cusps causing valves to close.

Blood flow though the chambers (1)

Blood enters R Atrium from Superior & Inferior Venae cavae

Blood flow through the chambers (2)

Blood in right atrium flows through right AV valve

Blood through the chambers (3)

Contraction of right ventricles forces pulmonary valve OPEN

Blood flow through the chambers (4)

Blood flows through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk

Blood flow through the chambers (5)

Blood is distributed by R&L arteries → lungs = unloading CO2 + Load O2

(6) Blood flow through the chambers

Blood returns from lungs via Pulmonary vein → Left atrium

(7) Blood flow through the chambers

Blood in left artrium → through left AV Valve → left ventricle

(8) Blood flows through the chambers

Contraction of left ventricle + right ventricles (w/ pulmonary valve) = forces aortic valve to open.

(9) Blood flow through the chambers

BLOOD flows → Aortic valve → ascending aorta

(10) Blood flow through the chambers

(10) Blood in the aorta is distributed to EVERY ORGAN IN BODY (unloads O2 &CO2)

(11) Blood flow through the chambers

1. BLOOD RETURNS TO RIGHT ATRIUM = Venae Cavae

Describe out loud what’s going on in the picture as if you’re explaining it to a elementary schooler.