Studied by 17 people
Anatomy
structure of organisms
Physiology
functioning of organisms
4 basic principles
structure + function, levels of organization, emergent properties, homeostasis
Homeostasis
internal stability, the body's way of maintaining steady internal conditions
Homeostatic Mechanism
series of events that creates a response in the body(stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response)
Stimulus
causes a change in the body(internal or external)
Receptor
physical structure that measures change
Control Center
physical structure that processes incoming signals
Effector
organ or tissue that takes action
Response
reaction/outcome created by effector
Negative feedback loop
when the body fights/reduces change
Positive feedback loop
the body accepts the change when its helping the body
Most common elements in the human body
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen
Nucleus
contains protons and neutrons
Protons
positive and mass of 1
Neutrons
neutral and mass of 1
Electrons
negative, moves around nucleus, no mass
Types of anatomy
gross- easy to see, systemic-body system, microscopic-small, cytology-study of cells, developmental-development of a body part, comparative-comparing different systems, regional-region of the body, histology-study of tissues-set of cells that aren't all the same
Types of physiology
systemic-how does something work, cell phys-inside of cell, comparative phys-comparing two things
Electron rules
1-electrons move in only if there is a vacancy 2-electrons fill orbits from inside out 3-first energy shell has 2 e- limit 4-subsequent shells have a 8e- limit
Valence shell
outer most shell. number of electrons in this shell dictates if/how an atom will interact w/other atoms
Cation
a positively charged ion that lost electrons
Anion
a negatively charged ion that gained electrons
Ion
atoms that carry a charge
Molecule
at least 2 atoms that are linked via e- sharing
Salt
assembly of ions(atoms with charges) of at least 2 different elements held together by chemical attraction btwn them
Compound
assembly of atoms of 2 or more elements, each in a precise ratio
Ionization energy
energy necessary to remove an electron from a neutral atom
Electronegativity
a measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to draw bonding electrons to itself
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons(will have a different mass)
Ionic bond
attraction of two oppositely charged particles (cation + anion)
Covalent bond
equal/unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bond
polarity of a polar covalent bond allows attraction btwn resulting opposite partial charges
Decomposition
reactions reduce complex reactants into simpler products
Synthesis
reactions produce more complex products(formation of H2O)
Exchange
reactions reorganize the components of the reactants in a way that neither increases nor decreases their complexity
Reversible
potential for a reaction to return to its initial starting point
Endergonic
building energy
Exergonic
releasing energy
Kinetic energy
motion
Potential energy
stored
Thermal energy
random movement of atoms, ions and molecules
Electromagnetic energy
movement of photons through space(move as a wave)
Electrical energy
movement of charged particles(electrons or ions)
Chemical energy
stored in chemical bonds
Catabolic
breaking
Anabolic
building
Note 
Flashcard (156)