Theory and Theorists

Gessell

• Maturation Theory

• Biology - internal clock - unfolding

• Laid foundation for DAP

• Repeating, cyclical spial pattern of dev.

• Equilibrium and disequilibrium

• Six phases: Smooth, Breaking-Up, Sorting Out, Inwardizing, Expansion, and Fitting Together

Gardner

• Multiple Intelligences Theory (8)

• Teaching styles for students needs - different strengths

Bandura

• Social Cognitive Theory

• Modeling - imitation

• Attention - Retention - Motor Reproduction - Motivation

Kohlberg

• Moral Development Theory

• Six stages of moral reasoning

Erikson

• Psychosocial Development - 8 Stages

Piaget

• Theory of Cognitive Development

• 4 stage theory

• Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

Bruner

• Theory of Cognitive Development

• 3 Stages: enactive, iconic, symbolic

Elkind

• Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism

• Physiological and cognitive changes during adolescence lead to a self-focused

• Imaginary audience and personal fable

Broffenbrenner

• Ecological Systems Theory

• Human development is influenced by ecological systems of circles of environment

Ainsworth and Bowlby

• Developed the Attachment Theory

• Secure, avoidant, resistant

Konrad Lorentz

• Key Sensitive Periods of Imprinting

Vygotsky

• Theory of Social Learning

• ZPD

Maslow

• Theory of Heiarchy of Needs