evolution

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theory of evolution

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24 Terms

1

theory of evolution

explains the differences/similarities in structure, function, and behavior among organisms

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2

charles darwin

naturalist who traveled on the HMS beagle documenting organisms

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3

3 patterns of diversity

species vary globally, locally, and over time

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4

charles lyell

concluded earth is very old/uniformitarianism (earth is still changing)

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5

jean-baptiste lamarck

argued species could evolve over time

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6

thomas malthus

noticed people were being born faster than dying

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7

fossil record

provides evidence for evolution

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8

biogeography

the study of where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived in the past

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9

selective breeding

the deliberate breeding of organisms to obtain or continue a favorable trait

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10

adaptation

any heritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive/reproduce

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11

fitness

measure of how well an organism can survive

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12

mutation

changes in an organism’s DNA sequence

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13

sexual reproduction

one member of each chromosome pair is shuffled randomly into each egg/sperm

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14

lateral gene transfer

between individuals without direct inheritance from parent to offspring

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15

polygenic traits

traits controlled by two or more genes

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16

genetic drift

random changes in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurances

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17

genetic bottleneck

natural disaster kills many individuals in a population

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18

nonrandom mating

females select mates based on size, strength, or coloration

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19

sexual selection

when individuals select mates based on heritable traits

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20

macroevolution

changes in anatomy, phylogeny, and behavior that take place in clades larger than a single species

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21

niche

the role the species play

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22

adaptive radiation

a single species evolves into several distinct species

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23

convergent evolution

unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar envionments

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24

coevolution

two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

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