Psychological Assessment

A person is most likely to be happy in a job that involves working with tools and objects, requires physical strength, and provides regular feedback in the form of practical results if their highest score is on the __________ subscale of Holland's Self-Directed Search.

A.investigative

B.mechanical

C.conventional

D.realistic

D. Realistic

Holland distinguished between six personality/occupational themes. A person who scores high on the realistic theme enjoys and may be satisfied by technical, physical, mechanical, and/or outdoor activities.

Which of the following is a standardized, self-administered assessment of general mental ability that is frequently used in business settings and the NFL as an aptitude test for prospective employees/players?

A.Strong Interest Inventory (SII)

B.Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT)

C.16 Personality Factors (16PF)

D.Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

B. Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT)

The WPT is a short-form test of general mental ability. It is well-known for its use in business settings and by the NFL to assess players in the pre-draft season.

Intelligence test items assessing which of the following provide a measure of crystallized intelligence?

A.Language comprehension

B.Short-term memory

C.Sequential reasoning

D.Problem solving

A. Language Comprehension

Crystallized intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills, is affected by educational and cultural experiences, and includes reading and numerical skills and factual knowledge. Language comprehension is a measure of crystallized intelligence

Which of the following uses computer software to select behavioral statements for rating based on the rater's previous responses?

A.Computerized Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS)

B.Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT)

C.Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS)

D.Computerized Self-Administered Questionnaires (CSAQ)

A.

Computerized Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS)

The SAT Reasoning Test is used to:

A.help skilled and semi-skilled workers choose an occupation.

B.help high school students choose a college major.

C.predict the graduate school success of college seniors.

D.predict the college success of high school seniors.

D.

predict the college success of high school seniors.

Which assessment measure of working memory and executive functioning, particularly inhibition, requires an examinee to move disks, one at a time, so that they end up in a particular goal configuration?

A.The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

B.The Tower of London

C.The Tower of Hanoi

D.The Tower of Brahma

B. The Tower of London

The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities distinguishes between ___ broad abilities and over ___ narrow abilities.

A.5; 25

B.8; 40

C.10; 70

D.15; 90

C. 10; 70

The CHC theory distinguishes between 10 broad-stratum cognitive abilities and over 70 narrow-stratum cognitive abilities, with each broad ability being composed of several related, but distinct, narrow abilities.

In the process of establishing rapport and maintaining a child's cooperation during an interview or assessment, which technique would be most useful?

A.Praise the child when they give correct answers.

B.Tell the child not to sit on the floor.

C.Ask simple "yes" or "no" questions.

D.Tell the child they are doing a good job.

D.

Tell the child they are doing a good job.

It has been suggested that using descriptive statements, using reflection, providing labeled praise, and avoiding critical statements can be helpful. Providing labeled praise indicates approval and helps guide and encourage the child to behavior in a particular way.

In the context of the Rorschach test, form quality refers to:

A.what aspect of the inkblot determined the response.

B.the degree of congruence between the response and reality.

C.the extent to which the response is based on an unusual or common detail.

D.the extent to which form is well integrated with other determinants.

B.

the degree of congruence between the response and reality.

Form quality refers to the degree to which an examinee's response matches the actual form (shape) of the inkblot and provides information on the degree of congruence between the examinee's response and reality.

_______ are alternative assumptions and patterns of thinking relevant at a specific historical time.

A.Competencies

B.Traits

C.Personality

D.Paradigms

D. Paradigms

A paradigm consists of a set of assumptions, ways of thinking, attitudes, concepts, values, procedures, and techniques that constitute a generally accepted theoretical framework.

Which of the following assists a clinician in administering the subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson IV in knowing when to stop a subtest due to an examinee's ability to respond correctly?

A.Halo effect

B.Basal rules

C.Primacy effect

D.Ceiling rules

D. Ceiling Rules

The ceiling level is the set of consecutive items above which the set examinee has a 0% chance of responding correctly. Ceiling rules enable the clinician to know when to discontinue a subtest based on an examinee's ability.

Which of the following instruments would be appropriate to assess the severity of stereotyped behaviors and communication impairment in a 4-year old?

A.Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2)

B.Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test, Version 5 (K-CPT)

C.Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory (M-PACI)

D.NEPSY-II

A.

Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2)

The GARS-2 is an observer-report standardized rating scale for Autistic Disorder including a norm-referenced sample ranging in age from 3 to 22 years. It includes an Autistic Disorder Index and subscales scores, which measure the severity of stereotyped behaviors, communication impairment, and social impairment.

Which of the following is a multivariate data analysis method for finding the linear combination of variables that best describes the classification of groups into discrete categories?

A.Factor analysis

B.Discriminant analysis

C.Descriptive statistics

D.Item analysis

B. Discriminant Analysis

Discriminant analysis finds a set of prediction equations based on independent variables that are used to classify individuals. Discriminant analysis parallels multiple regression analysis

Which of the following are tests designed to assess the examinee's potential for learning or their ability to perform in an area without specific training?

A.Cognitive tests

B.Behavioral observation tests

C.Aptitude tests

D.Personality tests

C. Aptitude Tests

Aptitude tests are used to determine an individual's propensity to succeed at a given activity.

Which type of distribution has its mean at the highest point and is symmetrical about the mean?

A.Binomial distribution

B.Negatively skewed distribution

C.Positively skewed distribution

D.Normal distribution

D. Normal Distribution

(think of bell curve)

Which of the following is the negative effect an unfair and biased selection procedure has on a protected class?

A.Adverse impact

B.Criterion-referencing

C.Cut-off score

D.Confidence interval

A. Adverse Impact

Which of the following is a measure of interrater reliability that adjusts for the level of chance agreement between raters' scores?

A.Predictive validity

B.Magnitude of effect

C.Kappa coefficient

D.Standard error of measurement

C. Kappa Coefficient

The Kappa coefficient is a statistical measure of inter-rater reliability used to assess qualitative documents and determine the reliability between two raters.

_______ is the degree to which an obtained measure of effect has a practical value or can guide clinical judgments.

A.Diagnostic efficiency

B.Clinical utility

C.Clinical significance

D.Likelihood ratio

C. Clinical Significance

Clinical significance is the degree to which measures contribute meaningful information and aid clinical judgment.

_______ is a flawed heuristic, where an individual claims to have been able to predict an event after it has happened.

A.Hindsight bias

B.Availability bias

C.Confirmation bias

D.First-impression bias

A. Hindsight Bias

Which of the following is the tendency to be influenced by one's knowledge about the world in evaluating conclusions and to accept them as true because they are believable rather than because they are logically valid?

A.Response bias

B.Belief bias

C.Halo effect

D.Attribution error

B. Belief Bias

Which of the following occurs when two assessment instruments contain the same or semantically similar elements and the magnitude of shared variance between the two instruments overestimate the relation between the two constructs due to the overlapping items?

A.Latent variable

B.Item discrimination

C.Item contamination

D.Intra-class correlation

C. Item Contamination

________ is the degree to which an assessment instrument enables as many test-takers as possible to demonstrate their standing on the measured construct.

A.Adaptation

B.Accuracy

C.Accommodation

D.Accessibility

D. Accessibility

_________ is a reduction in estimates of true covariance between measured constructs, usually as a result of measurement error, low reliability of measures, or a restricted range of obtained measures.

A.Coefficient alpha

B.Autocorrelation

C.Attenuation

D.Ecological validity

C. Attenuation

Which of the following measures the "Big Five" personality traits and is used to assess trait levels of anxiety and depression?

A.Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)

B.NEO Personality Inventory-R (NEO-PI-R)

C.Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)

D.Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-Second Edition (IDAS-II)

B.NEO Personality Inventory-R (NEO-PI-R)

In general, a T score of 65 or higher on the MMPI-2 clinical scales is most suggestive of which of the following?

A.Clinical significance

B.An underreporting of psychopathology

C.An exaggeration of problems

D.A lack of insight and an attempt to maintain a façade of control

A. Clinical significance

__________ is a meaningful relationship between two variables, designed to indicate how well variability in one measure can account for variability in another measure.

A.Base rate

B.Effect size

C.Coefficient of determination

D.Coefficient of equivalence

B. Effect Size

Which type of assessment focuses on inter-unit information that allows for comparison of a specific unit of analyses (e.g., teams, organizations) to data gathered from similar assessments across multiple units on an identified construct of interest (e.g., anxiety symptoms)?

A.Multimethod assessment

B.Nomothetic assessment

C.Idiographic assessment

D.Functional assessment

B. Nomothetic assessment

Nomothetic assessments involve establishing generalizations that apply to all individuals. Clinicians who adopt this approach study what individuals share with others

_______ refers to the percentage of true positives that an instrument has identified

A.Specificity

B.Sensitivity

C.Concurrent validity

D.Face validity

B. Sensitivity

Sensitivity is related to discriminant and convergent validity. A structured clinical interview might be sensitive in that it would accurately identify 90% of people with schizophrenia in an admitting ward of a hospital

Specificity is the relative percentage of true negatives.

When first developed, the Stanford-Binet offered several advantages over other intelligence tests, including its comprehensive examiner's guide, standardization procedure, and its use of which of the following?

A.Intelligence quotient

B.Scientific method

C.Standard deviation

D.Skewed distribution

A. Intelligence Quotient

The term _______ refers to the presence of systematic error in the measurement of certain factors (e.g., academic potential, intelligence, and psychopathology) among certain individuals or groups.

A.confirmation bias

B.testing the limits

C.dynamic testing

D.test bias

D. Test Bias

In general, intelligence tests can do all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A.assess an individual's relative strengths and weaknesses

B.predict an individual's social acumen

C.predict short-term scholastic performance

D.reveal important personality variables

Clear my choice

B. Predict an individual's social acumen

Intelligence tests are limited in predicting certain aspects of nonacademic skills such as creativity, motivational level, social acumen, and success in dealing with people.

A(n) _______ refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention.

A.achievement test

B.informal evaluation

C.diagnostic test

D.psychological autopsy

C. Diagnostic Test

Which of the following terms describes a way of assessing reliability by comparing the amount of shared variance, or covariance, among the items making up an instrument to the amount of overall variance?

A.Test-retest reliability

B.Interrater reliability

C.Coefficient alpha

D.Internal reliability

C. Coefficient Alpha

Coefficient alpha is a widely used statistical measure that provides the mean of all possible split-half combinations, measured on a scale on which the upper limit is 1.0

Which of the following terms refers to a test's degree of stability, consistency, and predictability?

A.Confidence interval

B.Validity

C.Reliability

D.Content validity

C. Reliability

Reliability addresses the extent to which scores obtained by an individual is, or would, be the same if he/she is reexamined by the same test on different occasions.

The purpose of the ________ is to identify parents in need of guidance, parent-child relationship support, and identify children at risk for emotional and behavioral developmental problems.

A.Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (SIPA)

B.Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition (PSI-4)

C.Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3)

D.Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R)

B.Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition (PSI-4)

Which type of validity refers to the ability of tests to produce information above what is already known?

A.Incremental validity

B.Criterion validity

C.Conceptual validity

D.Factorial validity

A. Incremental Validity

Overall, research investigating the effects of examiner race on the performance of African American children on IQ tests suggests that:

A.the performance of African American children is significantly suppressed when the examiner is White

B.the performance of African American children is significantly improved when the examiner is African American

C.the performance of African American children is enhanced somewhat when the examiner is White and clearly unbiased

D.the performance of African American children is affected more by the examiner's testing experience and attitudes than by their race

D.

the performance of African American children is affected more by the examiner's testing experience and attitudes than by their race

An individual at Level VIII on the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning Revised:

A.is unresponsive to sounds or light and appears to be in a state of deep sleep

B.is confused, agitated, and incoherent, may exhibit bizarre behavior, and is unable to care for themself

C.is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairments in judgment, planning, and abstract reasoning

D.is functioning at an intellectual level that is superior for their age, education, and demographic background

C.is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairments in judgment, planning, and abstract reasoning

The Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning Revised is used to monitor recovery from head trauma and involves rating the individual in terms of ten levels of functioning

An examinee's score on which of the following Rorschach variables is most useful for estimating their level of intelligence?

A.Organizational activity

B.Perceptual thinking

C.Deviant verbalizations

D.Ego impairment

A.Organizational activity

When taking the Stroop test, an examinee may have trouble correctly naming the color of ink that a word is printed in because:

A.the word is projected to their right visual field only

B.the word is projected to their left visual field only

C.the word names a color that differs from the color of the ink

D.the word is a non-pronounceable "nonsense syllable"

C.the word names a color that differs from the color of the ink

Which of the following tests is based on the PASS model of intelligence?

A.Columbia Mental Maturity Scale

B.Fagan Test

C.Cognitive Assessment System

D.Wonderlic

C. Cognitive Assessment System

Curriculum-based measurement is most useful for:

A.determining the cognitive processes a student uses to solve complex problems

B.regularly monitoring a student's progress to obtain the information needed to make instructional decisions

C.comparing what a student can do alone and can do with prompts, physical support, or other types of assistance

D.determining if a student can apply their knowledge and skills to real-life activities and projects

B.regularly monitoring a student's progress to obtain the information needed to make instructional decisions

According to the triarchic theory, intelligence consists of which of the following three factors?

A.General, broad, and specialized

B.Analytical, creative, and practical

C.Attention, processing, and planning

D.General, fluid, and crystallized

B. Analytical, creative, and practical

On the Self-Directed Search, the frequency with which an examinee's code occurred in the standardization sample is referred to as:

A.congruence

B.commonness

C.consistency

D.coherence

B. commonness

A child with Autism Spectrum Disorder without language impairment would be expected to obtain the lowest score on which of the following WISC-V subtests?

Select one:

A.Block Design

B.Matrix Reasoning

C.Similarities

D.Coding

D.Coding

knowing that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder may have difficulty with cognitive shifting, which would impact processing speed, would have helped you identify the correct answer. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder without language impairment tend to obtain the lowest scores on the Coding and Symbol Search subtests

The results of the Seattle Longitudinal Study found that:

A.measures of crystallized and fluid intelligence both begin to show substantial age-related declines in the mid- to late-40s.

B.measures of crystallized intelligence show earlier age-related declines than measures of fluid intelligence.

C.measures of perceptual speed and numeric ability begin to show age-related declines sooner than measures of vocabulary and verbal memory.

D.measures of inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, and verbal memory begin to show age-related declines in the mid- to late-20s.

C.

measures of perceptual speed and numeric ability begin to show age-related declines sooner than measures of vocabulary and verbal memory.

The Working Memory Index of the WAIS-IV consists of which of the following subtests?

A.Digit Span, Arithmetic, and Letter-Number Sequencing

B.Vocabulary, Similarities, Information, and Comprehension

C.Symbol Search, Coding, and Cancellation

D.Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights, and Picture Completion

A.

Digit Span, Arithmetic, and Letter-Number Sequencing

Arthur Jensen's (1998) research on sources of variability in IQ indicated that the average IQ difference within families (as measured by the difference in IQs of full siblings living together) is _____ points.

A.4

B.11

C.18

D.26

B. 11

Scoring and interpretation of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) usually involves considering which of the following?

A.Form quality and content

B.Emotional control/lability

C.Needs and press

D.General and specific attitudes

C. Needs and press

When conducting a functional behavioral assessment, a behavior's function is described in terms of:

A.the skills required to perform it.

B.the criteria used to measure it.

C.its antecedents and consequences.

D.its physical characteristics

C. its antecedents and consequences.

An adult with traumatic brain injury is likely to obtain the lowest scores on which of the following WAIS-IV subtests?

A.Symbol Search, Coding, and Cancellation

B.Block Design, Visual Puzzles, and Picture Completion

C.Digit Span, Arithmetic, and Letter-Number Sequencing

D.Vocabulary, Similarities, and Information

A.Symbol Search, Coding, and Cancellation

In the assessment of cognitive abilities with a standardized test, you would most likely "test the limits":

A.before administering the test using standardized procedures.

B.as an alternative to administering the test using standardized procedures.

C.after administering the test using standardized procedures.

D.whenever it seems appropriate to do so.

C.after administering the test using standardized procedures

In the 1979 case of Larry P. v. Riles, the judge ruled that IQ tests could no longer be used to:

A.make hiring and other employment decisions.

B.make college admission decisions.

C.determine if older African American adults should be assigned a legal guardian.

D.determine if African American children should be placed in special education classes.

D.determine if African American children should be placed in special education classes.

Which of the following statements is true about the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th edition (SB5)?

A.The Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Nonverbal IQ, and Cognitive Indexes have a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 16.

B.The test is appropriate only for individuals ages 5 through 65.

C.It provides scores on four factor indexes -- Working Memory, Verbal Comprehension, Processing Speed, and Perceptual Reasoning.

D.Its development was based on a hierarchical model of intelligence that begins with a global "g" factor.

D.Its development was based on a hierarchical model of intelligence that begins with a global "g" factor.

According to the _______________, "successful intelligence" is the ability to adapt to, modify, and choose environments that accomplish one's goals and the goals of society and proposes that it is composed of three abilities - analytical, creative, and practical.

A.triarchic theory

B.theory of multiple intelligences

C.Carroll's Three-Stratum theory

D.Spearman's Two-Factor theory

A.triarchic theory

The impact of heredity on intelligence can be expressed in terms of the _________, which indicates the proportion of variability in intelligence that is due to inherited factors.

A.Flynn effect

B.heritability estimate

C.confluence model

D.cross-sectional design

B.heritability estimate

On the WAIS-IV, a Full Scale IQ score of 85 is ________ below the mean.

A.one standard deviation

B.one and one-half standard deviations

C.two standard deviations

D.three standard deviations

A.one standard deviation

Which of the following is an assessment that was developed as a measure of cognitive recovery during the first weeks to months following a head injury?

A.Glasgow Coma Scale

B.Tower of London

C.Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning-Revised

D.Stroop Color-Word Association Test

C.Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning-Revised

In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, K. W. Schaie (1996) used which of the following research designs to investigate the relationship between age and intelligence?

A.counterbalanced

B.crossover

C.cross-sectional

D.cross-sequential

D.cross-sequential

For the exam, you want to be familiar with the methodology and major results of the Seattle Longitudinal Study. To reduce problems associated with longitudinal and cross-sectional research (e.g., dropouts, cohort effects), Schaie used a cross-sequential design that combined the two strategies. The results of his research identified predictable changes (increases or decreases) in specific cognitive abilities during adulthood and indicated that the range of change for each ability is fairly narrow until age 60 or later.

The _________ is used to evaluate personal and social skills of children and adults with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, brain injury, or dementia and to assist in the development of educational and treatment plans.

A.AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scales

B.Vanderbilt Assessment Scales

C.Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised (SIB-R)

D.Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-2nd Edition

D.Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-2nd Edition

The VABS-II is used to evaluate the personal and social skills of individuals from birth to age 90. This test assesses adaptive behavior in four domains: communication, daily living skills, socialization, and motor skills.

The Strong Interest Inventory would probably be LEAST useful:

A.as a job selection test to predict future performance

B.as a guide for choosing a college major

C.as a guide for choosing a career

D.as a tool for predicting job turnover

A.as a job selection test to predict future performance

A patient with Alzheimer's dementia would be expected to perform BEST on which of the following WAIS-IV Indexes?

A.Perceptual Reasoning

B.Processing Speed

C.Working Memory

D.Verbal Comprehension

D.Verbal Comprehension

Which of the following instruments would be used to assess the general learning abilities of children who are hearing impaired?

A.Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB)

B.Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II (KABC-II)

C.Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII)

D.Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (H-NTLA)

D.Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (H-NTLA)

The H-NTLA is a non-linguistic intelligence test for deaf children from age 3 to 17 years old. It assesses learning abilities and is used as a predictor of academic achievement for the hearing impaired.

An individual at Level ______ of the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning Revised is unresponsive to sounds or light and appears to be in a state of deep sleep.

A.IV

B.XII

C.I

D.VIII

C. I

Which piece of U.S. legislation requires that all people with disabilities undergo an evaluation to determine their specific needs, the development of an education plan for each child with a disability attending public school, and the restriction of special education placement based on IQ tests alone?

A.AAIDD

B.ADA

C.IDEA

D.IEP

C.IDEA

Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Someone who has achieved a high score on the Social theme of the RIASEC may be interested in a profession as a:

A.interior designer and musician

B.teacher or public speaker

C.psychologist or personnel manager

D.administrative assistant or sales manager

C.

psychologist or personnel manager

The Tower of London is a measure of:

A.attention, memory, and executive functioning

B.attention, visual memory, and hand-eye coordination

C.attention, visual memory, and executive functioning

D.visual-motor integration

A.attention, memory, and executive functioning

It requires the examinee to move disks, one at a time, so that they end up in a particular goal configuration. Poor performance has been linked to frontal lobe damage, ADHD, autism, and depression.

Which assessment is a brief test of cognitive ability and is primarily used by employers to assist with hiring decisions?

A.The Wonderlic Basic Skills Test

B.The Strong Interest Inventory

C.The Wonderlic Personnel Test-Revised

D.The Kuder Occupational Interest Survey

C.The Wonderlic Personnel Test-Revised

a 12-minute test of cognitive ability for adults. It is used primarily by employers to assist with hiring decisions.

Which of the following assessment instruments is NOT based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities?

A.The Woodcock-Johnson IV

B.The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition

C.The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2

D.The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition

C.The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2

Which test is not a Wechsler assessment battery?

A.WISC

B.WIAT

C.WPPSI

D.WJ

D.WJ

WJ stands for Woodcock-Johnson. The Woodcock-Johnson IV (WJ IV) is used to assess intelligence, diagnose learning problems, and identify appropriate interventions

Which assessment would be least appropriate for an examinee with expressive language difficulty?

A.Hiskey-Nebraska Test

B.Raven's Progressive Matrices

C.Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test

D.Kuhlmann-Anderson Test

D.Kuhlmann-Anderson Test

Which type of assessment is also known as authentic assessment and involves "observing and judging a pupil's skill in actually carrying out a physical activity or producing a product?"

A.Dynamic Assessment

B.Performance-Based Assessment

C.Instructional Assessments

D.Curriculum-Based Measurement

B.Performance-Based Assessment