Diseases of the Digestive System (Part II) - Exam 5

What are 11 bacterial food infections?

1. Shigellosis

2. Salmonellosis

3. Typhoid fever

4. EPEC (E.Coli)

5. EIEC (E. Coli)

6. EHEC (E. Coli)

7. ETEC (E. Coli)

8. Campylobacteriosis

9. Yersiniosis

10. Gastric ulcers

11. Listeriosis

What organism causes Shigellosis?

Shigella sp.

Culture/Diagnosis of Shigellosis

Non-lactose fermenting on HE (pale green, no black centers on colonies) and MacConkey

What organism causes Salmonellosis?

Salmonella enterica

Transmission of Salmonellosis

eggs, meat, milk

Culture/Diagnosis of Salmonellosis

Non-lactose fermenting on HE (pale green with black centers) and Mac; serotyping

What organism causes Typhoid fever?

Salmonella Typhi

How is Typhoid fever transmitted?

fecal-oral

-contaminated water and feces

Culture/Diagnosis of Typhoid fever

Non-lactose fermenting on HE (colonies with black centers and Mac

What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?

high fever and rash (rose spots)

The severe symptoms of typhoid fever are due to...

septicemia

Culture/Diagnosis of EPEC

Lactose fermenters

-magenta on MacConkey

-gold/orange on Hektoen-Enteric

What does EPEC cause?

infantile diarrhea

-can destroy microvilli

What does EIEC cause?

acute, severe disease

-dysentery diarrhea

What causes EHEC?

O157:H7 : E Coli

-has aquired the shiga toxin and causes shigella-like disease

Culture/Diagnosis of EHEC

Lactose fermenter (looks like normal flora)

MacConkey Sorbitol plate - O157: H7 is a non-fermenter (pale pink)

EHEC and ETEC are both....

food intoxications

What causes ETEC?

has acquired a toxin akin to cholera toxin

-common cause of traveler's diarrhea

What organism causes Campylobacteriosis?

Campylobacter jejuni

What is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US?

Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacteriosis can lead to...

Guillian-Barre syndrome

-autoimmune attack and temporary paralysis

Culture/Diagnosis of Campylobacteriosis

Campy blood agar plate

-any growth = positive for campylobacter

What is yersiniosis?

refrigerator food poisoning

-grows at 4 degrees celsius

What organism causes gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

-many people have as normal flora

Helicobacter pylori can withstand stomach acid due to the presence of what virulence factor?

urease

What organism causes Listeriosis?

Listeria monocytogenes

Listeriosis is a ______________ pathogen

foodborne

-lunch meat

-unpasteurized dairy products

Who is listeriosis dangerous for?

- pregnant women

- cause fetal meningitis

What are 7 viral diseases of the digestive system?

1. Mumps

2. Rotavirus

3. Norovirus

4. Hepatitis A

5. Hepatitis B

6. Hepatitis C

7. Hepatitis D

Mumps infects _______________ but is a _________________ virus

salivary glands; respiratory

Symptoms of mumps

swelling of the cheek and jaw

Prevention of mumps

MMR vaccine

Epidemiology of mumps

In males after puberty, can cause sterility

What does Rotavirus cause?

viral gastroenteritis that is common in children

What is the leading cause of adult gastroenteritis?

norovirus

Hepatitis A =

acute

How is hepatitis A acquired?

by ingestion

Why is Hepatitis A dangerous?

can spread to liver and can acute liver failure

Is there a vaccine available for Hepatitis A?

yes

Hepatitis B =

blood

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

blood, semen, vaginal fluids

Is there a vaccine available for Hepatitis B?

yes

-also post exposure antibodies for treatment

Hepatitis C =

chronic

What happens if hepatitis C is untreated?

chronic hepatitis

-20% get liver cirrhosis or cancer

-major reason for liver transplants

Is there a vaccine available for Hepatitis C?

no vaccine available

-antivirals for treatment that can cure the infection

Hepatitis D =

dud

What is special about Hepatitis D?

Can only occur in conjunction with Hepatitis B

-higher mortality rate than Hep. B alone