physics: unit 1 to 3 3.2.2025

scalar definition

physical quantities consisting only magnitude and no direction

scalar examples

temp, speed, distance, energy, density, mass

vector definition

physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction

vector examples

velocity, displacement, weight, acceleration, momentum, force

symbol of displacement/distance

d/s

symbol for speed/velocity

v/v

symbol for mass/weight

m/W

formula for density

mass/volume

formula for speed

distance/ time

formula for acceleration

change in velocity/time

formula for force Newtons

mass x acceleration

formula for pressure Pascal

force/area

formula for work done Joule

force x distance

formula for power watt

work/time

unit for density

g/cm³ or kg/m³

definition of direct proportion

when 2 quantities increase and decrease at the same rate; that is if the ratio between the two quantities as always the same

y=x²

y=kx²

oscillation definition

a repetitive motion or vibration

period definition

the time for one complete oscillation or wave; the time it takes an object to return to its original position

period of a pendulum formula

mass definition

the amount of matter an object is made of, measured in kg

gravity definition

the force of attraction between 2 objects

weight definition

the force caused by gravity acting on an object, measured in Newtons

force definition

a push, pull, or twist, measured in Newtons. they can change an objects speed, direction, shape or size

resultant force

the forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction; therefore they cancel one another out

friction definition

a force that works in opposition of the motion of an object

what are the effects of friction

frictional forces slow down the motion of an object, and energy is transferred through heating: it causes an increase in temp of the object and its surroundings.

friction in solids can be reduced by

lubricating between surfaces

what are gases and liquids also called

fluids