APUSH unit 5

Vicksburg

 This battle was considered a turning point in the war in the west because the Union was finally able to control the full length of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half

Nativism

The word for when you prefer people who are born within a country as opposed to the immigrants

Civil Rights act of 1875

The Congressional Reconstruction plan’s last reform included the passage of this act that guaranteed equal accommodations for African Americans in public places (hotels, railroads, etc.), however, it was poorly enforced.

Anaconda Plan

This Union strategy was comprised of a naval blockade of the southern ports, attempting to cut off supplies from reaching the Confederacy.

Massachusetts 54th regiment

The all African American group in the Union military whose efforts raised awareness of civil rights post-civil war

Sharecropping

This contract-labor system in southern agricultural states forced the freedmen back into semi-slavery in tandem with the black codes which encouraged the signing of these contracts

Fort Sumter

The southern attack at this location prompted Lincoln to take several controversial steps which in turn prompted the remaining upper south to secede from the Union

Know nothing party

This political party was a reflection of the growing tension between native-born Protestant Americans and increasing Catholics and immigrants who were entering the country at the time.

Battle of Antietam

After forcing the Confederacy to retreat in this battle Lincoln announced his plans for the Emancipation Proclamation as a “military necessity” and Great Britain declined to aid the Confederacy

Reconstruction

The 12 years following the Civil War are known as _______ and are marked by conflict between the executive and legislative branches and between the federal and sate governments. 

Andrew Johnson

The man who became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. He sympathized with the southern states and used his veto power to counter any attempts to strengthen civil rights or welfare for the former slaves.

mexican American War

Conflict from 1846-1848 focused on expansion in the southern and southwestern regions of the US. The catalyst was General Zachery Taylor’s movement

Border states

Slave holding states that did not secede from the Union either due to Union settlements or shrewd federal policy

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery everywhere

Great American Desert

The arid region between the mississippi Valley and the pacific coast was popularly known in the 1850s and 60s as the

Freedmen’s Bureau

This government agency was created to provide food, shelter, education and medical aid for the newly free slaves

Fugitive Slave Law

The compromise of 1850 included this provision that enforced a stiff financial penalty for aiding escaped slaves

John Brown

This radical abolitionist led the raid at Harper’s Ferry to arm Virginian slaves with weapons from the arsenal

James K Polk

The pro-expansionist president who promoted the start of the mexican american war

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Lincoln set up and announced this simple process for southern states to the presidential pardons for those who took an oath of allegiance to the Union, as well as requiring 10% of the voters to be loyal

Habeas Corpus

Abraham Lincoln suspended this privilege after the Confederacy attacks a federal fort. Since congress was not in session, the president acted completely on his own authority in this controversial decision.

Sam Houston

This man led a group of American settlers to revolt against mexico, declaring texas to be an independent republic

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s speech at the site of a major battle where he dedicated the area to both sides and equated the fighting to concept of upholding the declaration of independence’s ideologies

Popular sovereignty

The decision if a state should allow slavery would be settled by the vote of the citizens of that state

Stephen A Douglas

The man who ran against Lincoln for Illinois Congressmen and painted him as a radical abolitionist, also proposed the kansas-nebraska act to get his transcontinental railroad plan passed, and ran against lincoln as president on the democratic ticket.

Republican Party

This party formed as a result of the efforts of free soilers, abolitionists, and and anti-slavery northern democrats. Their beliefs ranged from limiting the expansion of slavery to full abolition of slavery. Abraham Lincoln is considered the “father” of this party since he was the first elected president under this party

Impending crisis of south

Book written by George Fitzhugh which made economic based arguments as to why the SOuth should not depend on slavery

Black Codes

A series of laws aimed at keeping the former slaves in politically and economically inferior conditions.

Gettysburg

The turning point of the civil war because the confederacy could no longer launch an offensive attack after losing this battle

House divided speech

Lincoln’s famous speech prior to when he became president to try to rally the Union together during a time of brewing.

Carpetbagger

The name given to northerners who capitalized on the southern post-war weakness and attempted to gain either political or economic beliefs.

Compromise of 1877

This informal deal allowed Rutherford Hayes to become President, immediately withdrawing federal troops in the South that protected the African AMericans. Reconstruction came to an end as a result

Mexican Territory

The United States took possession of this land as a direct result of the Mexican American war