TEST 1- Passage 2- Forest Management in Pennsylvania, USA

Management

supervision, administration, control ; quản lý

Bioenergy

a source of energy from the green material that makes up plants, known as biomass ; năng lượng sinh học

Sustainable

eco-friendly, environmentally friendly, green ; bền vững

Value

worth, importance, significance ; giá trị

Factor

element, aspect, consideration ; yếu tố

Species

type, kind, variety ; loài

Condition

the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order ; tình trạng

Quality

standard, grade, caliber ; chất lượng

Function

purpose, role, use ; chức năng

Accessibility

availability, approachability, ease of access ; khả năng tiếp cận

Given

provided, specified, granted ; được đưa ra

Value (verb)

assess, evaluate, gauge ; đánh giá

Timber

wood prepared for use in building and carpentry ; gỗ xây dựng

Log

timber, trunk, wood block ; khúc gỗ

Furniture

furnishings, fixtures, decorations ; đồ nội thất

Landowner

property owner, estate holder, landlord ; chủ đất

Habitat

environment, ecosystem, surroundings ; môi trường sống

Likewise

similarly, in the same way, correspondingly ; tương tự

Suffer from

endure, experience, undergo ; chịu đựng

Woodworker

carpenter, craftsman, artisan ; thợ mộc

Unique

one-of-a-kind, distinct, exclusive ; độc nhất

Solely

only, exclusively, purely ; chỉ

High-quality

excellent, finest, first-rate, superior ; chất lượng cao

Practice

something that is usually or regularly done, often as a habit, tradition, or custom ; tập quán

Legacy

something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time ; di sản

Abundant

plentiful, ample, copious ; dồi dào

Shade out

causing an area to become darker by blocking or reducing the amount of light that reaches it ; che bóng

Regeneration

renewal, regrowth, rejuvenation ; tái sinh

Stand

group of trees or a forest area managed as a unit ; lô rừng

Vulnerable

susceptible, fragile, defenseless ; dễ tổn thương

Combustion

burning, igniting, firing, kindling ; sự đốt cháy

Facilities

the buildings, equipment, and services provided for a particular purpose ; cơ sở vật chất

Incorporate

integrate, include, merge ; kết hợp

Gasified

become gas ; khí hóa

Generation

creation, formation, production ; sự tạo ra

Liquid

like water, not solid or gas, can be poured easily ; chất lỏng

Lorry

a large, heavy motor vehicle for transporting goods or troops, a truck ; xe tải

Approach

a way of doing something ; cách tiếp cận

Stems

the stick-like central part of a plant that grows above the ground and from which leaves and flowers grow ; thân cây

Invasive

intrusive, encroaching, overrunning ; xâm lấn

Foliage

plant leaves ; tán lá

Crown

the branches and foliage at the top of a tree ; tán cây

Top

the upper part of a plant or tree, including its branches and leaves ; phần ngọn

Regenerate

recreate, renew, rejuvenate ; tái tạo

Tailor

customize, adjust, modify ; điều chỉnh theo nhu cầu

Pests

nuisances, vermin, insects ; sinh vật gây hại

Pathogens

microorganisms, germs, bacteria ; mầm bệnh

Hemlock

poison, toxin, deadly plant ; cây độc

Longhorned

long-necked, long-beaked, long-snouted ; sừng dài

Beetle

a type of insect ; bọ cánh cứng

Emerald

bright green ; màu lục bảo

Ash borer

a type of insect ; sâu đục thân tro

Gypsy moth

a type of pest ; sâu bướm gypsy

Ease

alleviate, relieve, mitigate ; làm giảm

Procedure

method, technique, protocol ; quy trình

Pest

a destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock ; sinh vật gây hại

Vigorous

strong, robust, healthy ; khỏe mạnh

Outbreak

epidemic, outburst, surge ; sự bùng phát

Seedling

young trees, baby plants, new growths ; cây non

Established

settled, formed, founded ; được thiết lập

Regenerated

renewed, replenished, restored ; được tái sinh

Growth

development, progress, advancement ; sự phát triển

Harvest

gathering, collection, crop ; thu hoạch

Spread out

dispersed, scattered, distributed ; lan rộng

Dense

thick, compact, crowded ; dày đặc

Low-use

underutilized, infrequently used, rarely utilized ; ít sử dụng

Retention

preservation, conservation, keeping ; sự giữ lại

Classify

categorize, group, sort ; phân loại

Soil

earth, ground, dirt ; đất

Cavities

holes, openings, hollows ; hốc

Insect predators

insect-eating, insect-hunting, insect-consuming ; động vật săn côn trùng

Resilience

resistance, endurance, flexibility ; khả năng phục hồi

Wildlife

animals, creatures, fauna ; động vật hoang dã

Rare

endangered, scarce, uncommon ; hiếm