Micro exam 3 (2)

CNS immunologically privileged

CNS has limited immune response to prevent damage

Meningitis Causative agent

Bacteria

meningitis symptoms

stiff/painful neck

Meningitis treatment

Antibiotics

Neisseria meningitidis Causative agent:

Bacteria (Gram-negative) meningococcus

Neisseria meningitidis prevention

Vaccine

Neisseria meningitidis transmission

respiratory droplets (petechiae)

Streptococcus pneumoniae Causative agent:

Bacteria (Gram-positive) pneumococcus

Streptococcus pneumoniae prevention

Vaccine

Streptococcus pneumoniae treatment

Antibiotics

Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission

droplet contact

Listeria monocytogenes Causative agent:

Bacteria (Gram-positive)

Listeria complications

Premature abortion and fetal death

Listeria prevention

Pasteurization and proper food handling

Listeria treatment

Antibiotics

listeria symptoms

flu like —> severe CNS infection

listeria reservoir

soil and water

Cryptococcus neoformans Causative agent:

Fungus

Cryptococcus neoformans symtoms

headache nausea neck stiffness

Cryptococcus neoformae treatment

Antifungal medication

Cryptococcus neoformans transmission

inhalation —> bird droppings

Zika virus Causative agent

Virus

Zika prevention

Mosquito control and avoidance

symptoms of zika

very mild —> birth defects

transmission of zika

aedes mosquito

Poliomyelitis Causative agent:

Virus (Poliovirus)

Polio severe form

Bulbar poliomyelitis affects brainstem medulla and cranial nerves

Polio prevention

Vaccine

polio signs and symptoms

neuromuscular paralysis (infantile)

polio transmission

fecal-oral

Encephalitis Causative agent:

Virus ( arboviruses)

encephalitis signs and symptoms

behavior changes or confusion, decreased consciousness and seizers

encephalitis transmission

virus born insects (arboviruses) like west nile

Encephalitis treatment

Antiviral

Arbovirus Causative agent:

arthropods

what are arboviruses

any of a group of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, or other arthropods. 

Arbovirus prevention

Control mosquitoes and ticks

signs and symptoms of arbovirus

fever —> encephalitis

Prions Causative agent:

Infectious protein (no DNA/RNA)

Prion disease example

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Prion treatment

No treatment available

prion transmission

contact with infected tissue

prion signs

rapid dementia with neurological signs

Rabies Causative agent

Virus

transition of rabies

saliva from bite

symptoms of rabies

tingling or twitching, agitation confusion frothing of mouth

Rabies treatment

No effective treatment once symptoms appear

Tetanus causative agent

Bacteria (Clostridium tetani, Gram-positive)

Tetanus prevention

Vaccine

Tetanus treatment

Antitoxin therapy and vacci9ne

tetanus is found in

cultivated soil and the GI tract of animals

tetanus symptoms

lock jaw,, arching back, flexion of limbs

transmission of tetanus

endospores enter through wounds

Botulism Causative agent:

Bacteria (Clostridium botulinum)

Botulism late symptoms

Descending paralysis and respiratory failure

Botulism treatment

Antitoxin and supportive care

where do yo find botulism

soil and water, honey, foodborn

easy symptoms of botulism

double vision and difficult swallowing