Hesi A2 Biology Practice Questions

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Ribosome

Why is yeast used to make bread rise?

Yeast carries out fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide

How is mitosis different from meiosis?

Meiosis creates sex cells with half the # of chromosomes of the parent cell where as mitosis creates cells that are exact copies of each other, down to the number of chromosomes

What can be altered?

DNA

What is single stranded?

RNA

What contains uracil?

RNA

What codes for proteins?

DNA

Imagine that two parents both carry the recessive gene for cystic fibrosis. Any homozygous recessive offspring will manifest the disease. What percentage of the offspring is predicted to be carriers but not manifest the disease?

50 percent

A cell is in a solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher inside the cell than outside the cell. What would you expect to happen to the cell?

It will swell and probably burst/hypotonic situation

What is the purpose of phloem tissue in plant stems?

It conducts food throughout the plant, it is the system of narrow tubes that transports sugars and other nutrients

Physical factors such as temperature and pH can alter enzyme activity because they have an effect on the enzyme's

Shape, the shape of an enzyme controls it's fit with its substrate.

Which part of a plants reproductive system is of a different gender than others?

Stamen (male reproductive organ)

What kind of symbiosis exists between a pneumonia bacterium and a human?

Parasitism, one organism benefits off another

The scientific name for a house cat is Felis catus. This indicates the house cats what?

Genus; species

Kingdom/animalia

Phylum/Chordata

Class/mammalia

Order/carnivora

Family/felidae

Genus/ Felis

Species/catus

Beeswax is an example of what kind of molecule?

Lipid, waxes oils and fats are lipids

What takes place in a lysosome?

Food is digested, the lysosome contains digestive enzymes. The job of a lysosome is to digest food for cells and break down cells waste products

Which organism reproduces via binary fission?

Salmonella

In which phase of cell division do the chromosomes replicate?

Interphase-active phase of a cells reproductive life, the cell produces nucleic acids and proteins and doubled its # of chromosomes

In a strand of DNA, you would expect to see adenine paired with?

Thymine/adenine

Cytosine/guanine

Hemophilia is a sex linked trait carried on the X chromosome. In an example of a male with hemophilia and a female carrier, what ratio of the offspring is predicted to have the disease?

1 female: 0 male

What is represented by this formula 6CO2+6H2O=>C6H12O6+6O2

Photosynthesis, carbon dioxide pairing with water to form a simple sugar and oxygen

3 students measured the mass of a product of combustion. They recorded measurements of 5.14g 5.16g and 5.17g if the known mass of the product is 5.30g how would you describe the students measurements?

Precise

What is the energy pyramid?

Producers>primary consumers>secondary consumers>decomposers

Which is not a step in the water cycle?

Nitrification(nitrogen cycle)

Steps

Condensation(gas to liquid)

Transpiration(loss of water through a plants stomata)

Absorption(intake of water from the water table by plant roots)

Why do we perceive chlorophyll as green?

It fails to absorb green light

Absorbs red and blue reflects green

Why are bacteria and blue green algae often classified together?

Both are prokaryotes have no true nucleus

Which molecule contains glucose?

Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates are simple sugars, complex carbohydrates are simple sugars linked with covalent bonds

What conducts water up through the stem of a plant?

Xylem

What are the female parts of a plant?

Pistil (female reproductive organ)

Stigma (top part of pistil)

Style (slender stalk below the stigma)

Vascular plants whose seeds have no protective covering?

Gymnosperms

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis example blue-green algae

Autotrophs

Infectious organisms that spread disease

Pathogens

Which organelle is the site of energy production?

Mitochondrion

What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

It splits into molecules of pyruvic acid

What process do cells in the tip of a plants roots undergo to increase in number?

Mitosis

How do RNA and DNA derive their names?

From the sugar each contains

If a disease is carried on the dominant allele, only the aa combination of recessive genes represents a disease free offspring.

1 out of 4 or 25% are predicted to be disease free

If bacteria are placed in a strong solution of salt water, they will shrink as water moves out of the bacteria. What is this process called?

Osmosis, because if cells are placed in a very salty solution, water molecules can diffuse across the cell membrane to move water from an area of greater concentration of water molecules (inside the cells) to an area with a lesser concentration of water molecules(the solution of salt water)

Which animal has an open transport system?

Grasshopper

How does an enzyme work on a chemical reaction that occurs in a substrate?

An enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction, because enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions. They do this by lowering the amount of energy needed to begin the reaction.

Where is the ovary located in a flowering plant?

Pistil

Two organisms live in a relationship from which both benefit

Mutualism, both species receive mutual benefit

Which gives the order of four taxonomic categories from least to most specific?

Kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Which molecules contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

Carbohydrates and lipids

Which structure is found in Protists but not in monerans?

Golgi apparatus

How does yeast reproduce?

Budding

What takes place during anaphase?

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle

What is DNA composed of?

Deoxyribose, a simple sugar, nitrogen based, and a phosphate group

What are products of the Krebs cycle?

ATP, carbon dioxide, NADH

The Krebs or citric acid cycle is the third step of what?

Carbohydrate catabolism, the breakdown of sugar. Before it begins, glucose has been broken down via glycolysis into pyruvic acid

Whose efficiency of energy is greater on the energy pyramid?

Herbivore

What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle?

To release carbon dioxide

Which light color would be most effective for growing green plants indoor?

Blue

Which bacteria are spherical in shape?

Cocci

What is the term for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose subunits?

Hydrolysis, in hydrolysis any class of compound is broken down into subunits through the addition of water

Which organelle provides storage space for the cell?

Vacuoles

What is a byproduct of fermentation in muscle cells?

Lactic acid

In which phase of mitosis do new nuclear membranes form around sets of chromosomes?

Telophase, the phase in which the spindle dissolves and new membranes and nucleoli form, leading to two new cells

Which names a final step in protein synthesis?

Amino acid bonds

What are the steps of protein synthesis?

Coded info from DNA is translated into a finished protein. First DNA unzips and RNA nucleotides bond with bases on each unzipped segment, forming messenger RNA. Then messenger RNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA moves into position along messenger RNA, and the amino acids attached to the transfer RNA molecules bond forming the protein.

Foods with high salt content do not have to be refrigerated. What natural process prevents these foods from spoiling?

Osmosis

What is necessary for active transport through a membrane to take place?

ATP

What are enzymes made from?

Proteins

What is an example of a gymnosperm?

Red cedar

What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected?

Commensalism

Dogs are part of a larger animal group, the Carnivora. What classification is this?

Order

What are saturated fats saturated with?

Hydrogen atoms, all carbons are attached to two hydrogen atoms

What is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Centriole. Vacuoles are found in plant cells but not animal cells

Ocean waves may tear sponges into pieces each of which may grow into a new sponge what is this form of reproduction called?

Fragmentation

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do humans have?

23 pairs for a total of 46

What happens to messenger RNA as it reaches the cytoplasm?

It attaches to a ribosome

What are the raw materials needed for cellular respiration?

ADP, phosphate, and glucose not water

Which one would have the least energy efficiency in nutrient consumption?

Cow caterpillar coyote cricket

Coyote because the greatest energy content is at the base of the energy pyramid. A coyote being a secondary consumer is higher up the energy chain than any of the other choices

How do green plants use nitrates in the nitrogen cycle?

To synthesize proteins. A nitrate is a nitrogen containing material found in soil. Green plants take in nitrates through their roots and use them to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins

Which color of light is least effective at driving photosynthesis?

Green

Which might be described as a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

In contrast to triglycerides phospholipids are lacking what component ?

Fatty acid

Which phase is the phase where DNA is replicated?

S Phase

What is the growth phase?

G 1

What is the second growth phase where division occurs?

G2