Technology
Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
engineering design process
method used to develop or improve technology
criteria
set o standard on which a solution can be based
constraints
limitations that a design or solution must stay within
tradeoff
an exchange for one thing in return for another
systems
a set of interacting components or parts
input
what goes in a system
output
what comes out a system
opened system
both inputs and outputs flow in and out freely
closed system
both inputs and outputs is limited- only energy
isolated system
inputs and outputs are contained
feedback loop
input leads to an output, and output becomes an input
5 spheres
geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, antrosphere
biotic factors
living components
abiotics factors
non living components like energy and matter
levels of ecosystem (small to big)
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
terrestrial
land based
aquatic
water based
characteristics of living things
made up of one or more cells, grow, reproduce, evolve, respond to change, maintain homeostasis
niche
environment that includes everything the organism needs to survive and reproduce
symbiosis
relationship between two organisms
mutualism
both sides benefit
commensalism
one benefit and other has no effect
parasitism
one benefit and other harmed
biodiversity
measure of the number of different species found in an area
hotspot biodiversity
place with a lot of biodiversity
keystone species
vital organism to the ecosystem
population density
The number of individuals per unit area in a given population. (how many individuals living in given space)
population dispersion types
There are three main types of population dispersion: clumped, uniform, and random.
Clumped dispersion occurs when individuals in a population are clustered together in groups.
Uniform dispersion is when individuals are evenly spaced throughout a population.
Random dispersion is when individuals are randomly distributed throughout a population.
exponential growth
rapid increase in size of population
logistical growth
Logistical growth, also known as the logistic growth model, is a type of population growth that starts with exponential growth and then levels off as the population approaches its carrying capacity.
carrying capacity
maximum number of individuals that environment can support
limiting factors
factors that limit carrying capacity
density dependent factors
factors related to the population like competition
density independent factors
factors that are not related to the population like hurricanes
stable ecosystem
can bounce back from normal distrubances
resiliency
ability for ecosystem to bounce back from disturbances
genetic diversity
how much variation in DNA among population
resistance
ability of ecosystem to resist change caused by disturbances
primary succession
ecosystem is created from bare rock
secondary succession
when ecosystem is developed on large soil.