Heritage Tourism (M2)

Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework

This framework emphasizes that sustainable tourism must balance three pillars: Environmental sustainability, Economic sustainability, social and cultural sustainability.

Brundtland Report 1987

this theory defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations.

Systems Theory

This theory views tourism as an interconnected system involving tourists, host communities, businesses, government, and the environment.

Carrying Capacity Framework

This framework determines the maximum number of tourists a destination can accommodate without causing environmental degradation or reducing visitor satisfaction.

Tourism Impact Assessment

evaluates the positive and negative effects of tourism development to support informed decision-making.

Economic Impact Assessment

Assesses:

• Job creation

• Local income generation

• Business opportunities

Social and Cultural Impact Assessment

Examines:

• Effects on local lifestyle and traditions

• Community participation and equity

• Cultural commodification risks

Environmental Impact Assessment

Evaluates:

• Land and coastal degradation

• Water and energy consumption

• Waste generation

Integrated Impact Assessment

Combines economic, social, and environmental evaluations to guide sustainable tourism planning.

Ecotourism Theory

Promotes responsible travel to natural areas that:

• Conserves the environment

• Sustains local livelihoods

• Educates tourists

Community-based tourism theory

Emphasizes:

• Local ownership and participation

• Empowerment of host communities

• Equitable benefit-sharing

Stakeholder Theory

Recognizes that sustainable tourism requires collaboration among:

• Government agencies

• Local communities

• Private sector

• NGOs and tourists

Responsible Tourism Theory

Encourages tourism practices that:

• Minimize negative impacts

• Maximize local benefits

• Promote ethical behavior