Path: ovaries

luteal phase

which phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds to the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

follicular phase

which phase of the ovarian cycle corresponds to the menstrual (days 1-5) and proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

corpus luteal cyst

PCOS

numerous cystic follicles present in ovary due to hormone imbalance; persistent anovulation, obesity, hirsutism, rarely virilism

increased LH, low FSH

what are the levels of LH and FSH in PCOS?

PCOS

2x ovary size, smooth gray-white outer cortex studded with subcortical, bilateral cysts

benign epithelial

makes up about 80% of ovarian tumors; seen in young women 20-45

malignant epithelial

ovarian tumors that are common in older women, 45-65; most have spread once they are detected

serous

ovarian tumors that are filled with watery fluid; epithelial lining resembles the fallopian tube lining

mucinous

ovarian tumors that are full of sticky, gelatinous fluid rich in glycoprotein; tumor epithelial lining resembles endocervix

benign ovarian serous cystadenoma

borderline

ovarian tumors that contain an increased number of papillary projection and nuclear atypia with malignant potential, but no invasion into the stroma

serous borderline tumor

BRCA1, BRCA2, p53

serous ovarian tumors often involve what mutations (3)?

serous carcinoma

buzzword: psammoma bodies in the ovary

serous

are serous or mucinous ovarian tumors more common?

benign mucinous cystadenoma

pseudomyxoma peritonei

clinical condition defined by extensive mucinous ascites and implants on peritoneal surfaces; associated with mucinous tumors of the ovary and appendix

endometrial carcinoma of the endometrium

15-30% of ovarian endometrioid carcinomas are accompanied by?

endometrioid ovarian tumor

mostly malignant ovarian tumors with tubular glands resembling endometrium; may arise from endometriosis

brenner tumor

mostly benign epithelial tumor consisting of nests of transitional cells resembling those lining the urinary bladder

CA-125

what serum marker can be used to monitor disease recurrence/progression after dx of surface epithelial ovarian tumors?

teratoma

ovarian germ cell tumor of fetal tissue

dysgerminoma

ovarian germ cell tumor of oocytes

choriocarcinoma

ovarian germ cell tumor of placental tissue

yolk sac

ovarian germ cell tumor known as an endodermal sinus tumor

benign mature cystic teratoma

benign mature cystic teratoma

immature malignant teratoma

rare germ cell tumor that resembles embryonal and immature fetal tissue

struma ovarii

monodermal teratoma composed entirely of mature thryoid tissue

dysgerminoma

ovarian counterpart of testicular seminoma; may occur in patients with gonadal dysgenesis; malignant but good prognosis

dysgerminoma

buzzword: Oct3, Oct4, c-KIT

dysgerminoma

cell dispersed in sheets or cords separated by scant fibrous stroma that is infiltrated with mature lymphocytes and occasional granulomas; large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei

yolk sac

most common germ cell tumor in children

yolk sac

buzzword: rich in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

yolk sac

buzzword: schiller-duval body (central blood vessel enveloped by germ cells)

choriocarcinoma

malignant tumor composed of trophoblasts and syncytioblasts; early hematogenous spread and poor response to chemo

choriocarcinoma

buzzword: HCG

granulosa cell tumor

sex cord-stromal tumor composed of cells that resemble a developing ovarian follicle; divided into juvenile and adult; potentially malignant but minimal metastatic risk

granulosa cell tumor

buzzword: produce large amounts of estrogen

thecoma

benign tumor in ovarian stroma composed of plump spindle cells with lipid droplets

fibroma

buzzword: basal cell nevus syndrome

1. fibroma

2. hydrothorax

3. ascites

meigs syndrome (3)

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

buzzword: reinke crystals

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

sex-cord stromal tumor that commonly produce masculinization (hirsutism and virilization); may have estrogenic effects

fibroma

krukenberg tumor

tumors made up of mucin-secreting “signet ring” cells; metastatic to the ovaries, usually from the stomach

GI, breast, uterus

where do ovarian tumor mets commonly arise from?